The coupling of biological organisms with electrodes enables the development of sustainable, low cost, and potentially self-sustained biosensors. A critical aspect is to obtain portable bioelectrodes where the biological material is immobilized on the electrode surface to be utilized on demand. Herein, we developed an approach for the rapid entrapment and immobilization of metabolically active yeast cells in a biocompatible polydopamine layer, which does not require a separate and time-consuming synthesis. The reported approach allows obtaining the “electrical wire” of intact and active yeast cells with resulting current generation from glucose oxidation. Additionally, the electrochemical performance of the biohybrid yeast-based system has been characterized in the presence of CuSO, a widely used pesticide, in the environmentally relevant concentration range of 20–100 μM. The system enabled the rapid preliminary monitoring of the contaminant based on variations in current generation, with a limit of detection of 12.5 μM CuSO. The present approach for the facile preparation of portable yeast-based electrochemical biosensors paves the way for the future development of sustainable systems for environmental monitoring.

中文翻译：

---

用于环境铜传感的便携式电化学生物传感器的聚多巴胺固定酵母细胞

生物有机体与电极的耦合使得可持续、低成本且可能自我维持的生物传感器的开发成为可能。一个关键方面是获得便携式生物电极，其中生物材料固定在电极表面上以根据需要使用。在此，我们开发了一种在生物相容性聚多巴胺层中快速捕获和固定代谢活性酵母细胞的方法，该方法不需要单独且耗时的合成。报道的方法允许获得完整且活跃的酵母细胞的“电线”，并通过葡萄糖氧化产生电流。此外，在环境相关浓度范围为 20-100 μM 的 CuSO（一种广泛使用的农药）存在下，对基于生物杂交酵母的系统的电化学性能进行了表征。该系统能够根据当前一代的变化对污染物进行快速初步监测，检测限为 12.5 μM C​​uSO。目前的便携式酵母电化学生物传感器的简便制备方法为未来可持续环境监测系统的发展铺平了道路。