The use of animal models in therapeutic development has long been the standard practice. However, ethical concerns and the inherent species differences have prompted a reevaluation of the experimental approach in human disease studies. The urgent need for alternative model systems that better mimic human pathophysiology has led to the emergence of organoids, innovative models, to simulate human organs . These organoids have gained widespread acceptance in disease models and drug development research. In this mini review, we explore the recent strides made in kidney organoid differentiation and highlight the synergistic potential of incorporating organ-on-chip systems. The emergent use of microfluidic devices reveals the importance of fluid flow in the maturation of kidney organoids and helps decipher pathomechanisms in kidney diseases. Recent research has uncovered their potential applications across a wide spectrum of kidney research areas, including hemodynamic forces at stake in kidney health and disease, immune cell infiltration, or drug delivery and toxicity. This convergence of cutting-edge technologies not only holds promise for expediting therapeutic development but also reflects an acknowledgment of the need to embrace innovative and more human-centric research models.

中文翻译：

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治疗开发的进展：肾脏类器官和芯片上的器官

在治疗开发中使用动物模型长期以来一直是标准做法。然而，伦理问题和固有的物种差异促使人们重新评估人类疾病研究的实验方法。对更好地模仿人类病理生理学的替代模型系统的迫切需求导致了模拟人体器官的类器官和创新模型的出现。这些类器官已在疾病模型和药物开发研究中获得广泛接受。在这篇小型综述中，我们探讨了肾脏类器官分化方面最近取得的进展，并强调了整合器官芯片系统的协同潜力。微流体装置的兴起揭示了液体流动在肾脏类器官成熟过程中的重要性，并有助于破译肾脏疾病的病理机制。最近的研究揭示了它们在广泛的肾脏研究领域的潜在应用，包括与肾脏健康和疾病、免疫细胞浸润或药物输送和毒性相关的血流动力学。这种尖端技术的融合不仅有望加速治疗的发展，而且反映出人们认识到需要采用创新和更加以人为中心的研究模式。