Gas-phase anions present an ideal playground for the exploration of excited-state dynamics. They offer control in terms of the mass, extent of solvation, internal temperature, and conformation. The application of a range of ion sources has opened the field to a vast array of anionic systems whose dynamics are important in areas ranging from biology to star formation. Here, we review recent experimental developments in the field of anion photodynamics, demonstrating the detailed insight into photodynamical and electron-capture processes that can be uncovered. We consider the electronic and nuclear ultrafast dynamics of electronically bound excited states along entire reaction coordinates; electronically unbound states showing that photochemical concepts, such as chromophores and Kasha's rule, are transferable to electron-driven chemistry; and nonvalence states that straddle the interface between bound and unbound states. Finally, we consider likely developments that are sure to keep the field of anion dynamics buoyant and impactful.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Volume 75 is April 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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阴离子动力学：从束缚态到非束缚态以及介于两者之间的一切

气相阴离子为探索激发态动力学提供了理想的场所。它们提供质量、溶剂化程度、内部温度和构象方面的控制。一系列离子源的应用为大量阴离子系统开辟了新的领域，这些系统的动力学在从生物学到恒星形成等领域都很重要。在这里，我们回顾了阴离子光动力学领域的最新实验进展，展示了对可以发现的光动力学和电子捕获过程的详细见解。我们考虑沿整个反应坐标的电子束缚激发态的电子和核超快动力学；电子自由态表明光化学概念，例如发色团和卡莎规则，可以转移到电子驱动化学；和非价态跨越束缚态和非束缚态之间的界面。最后，我们考虑了可能的发展，这些发展肯定会保持阴离子动力学领域的活跃和影响力。《物理化学年度评论》第 75 卷的预计最终在线出版日期是 2024 年 4 月。请参阅 http://www.annualreviews.org /page/journal/pubdates 以获取修订后的估计。