Background

Historically, kinematic measures have been compared across injured and non-injured groups of runners, failing to take into account variability in kinematic patterns that exist independent of injury, and resulting in false positives. Research led by gait patterns and not pre-defined injury status is called for, to better understand running-related injury (RRI) aetiology and within- and between-group variability.

Objectives

Synthesise evidence for the existence of distinct kinematic sub-groups across a population of injured and healthy runners and assess between-group variability in kinematics, demographics and injury incidence.

Data Sources

Electronic database search: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Wiley), Embase, OVID, Scopus.

Eligibility Criteria

Original, peer-reviewed, research articles, published from database start to August 2022 and limited to English language were searched for quantitative and mixed-methods full-text studies that clustered injured runners according to kinematic variables.

Results

Five studies (n = 690) were included in the review. All studies detected the presence of distinct kinematic sub-groups of runners through cluster analysis. Sub-groups were defined by multiple differences in hip, knee and foot kinematics. Sex, step rate and running speed also varied significantly between groups. Random injury dispersal across sub-groups suggests no strong evidence for an association between kinematic sub-groups and injury type or location.

Conclusion

Sub-groups containing homogeneous gait patterns exist across healthy and injured populations of runners. It is likely that a single injury may be represented by multiple movement patterns, and therefore kinematics may not predict injury risk. Research to better understand the underlying causes of kinematic variability, and their associations with RRI, is warranted.

中文翻译：

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跑步相关伤害发生率：它与跑步者的运动学亚组相关吗？范围界定审查

背景

历史上，对受伤和未受伤跑步者群体的运动学测量进行了比较，未能考虑到独立于损伤而存在的运动模式的变异性，并导致误报。需要以步态模式而不是预先定义的损伤状态为主导的研究，以更好地了解跑步相关损伤（RRI）的病因以及组内和组间的变异性。

目标

综合证明受伤和健康跑步者群体中存在不同运动学亚组的证据，并评估运动学、人口统计学和受伤发生率的组间变异性。

数据源

电子数据库检索：PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane 对照试验中心注册库 (Wiley)、Embase、OVID、Scopus。

资格标准

检索了从数据库开始到 2022 年 8 月发表且仅限于英语的原始、同行评审的研究文章，以进行定量和混合方法的全文研究，根据运动学变量对受伤的跑步者进行聚类。

结果

 该评价纳入了五项研究（n = 690）。所有研究都通过聚类分析检测到跑步者存在不同的运动学亚组。亚组是根据髋部、膝部和足部运动学的多重差异来定义的。性别、步速和跑步速度在各组之间也存在显着差异。亚组之间的随机损伤分布表明，没有强有力的证据表明运动学亚组与损伤类型或位置之间存在关联。

结论

健康和受伤的跑步者群体中都存在包含同质步态模式的亚组。单一伤害很可能由多种运动模式代表，因此运动学可能无法预测伤害风险。有必要进行研究以更好地了解运动变异的根本原因及其与 RRI 的关联。