Metabolic health is characterized by optimal blood glucose, lipids, cholesterol, blood pressure, and adiposity. Alterations in these characteristics may lead to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus or dyslipidemia. Recent evidence suggests that female reproductive characteristics may be overlooked as risk factors that contribute to later metabolic dysfunction. These reproductive traits include the age at menarche, menstrual irregularity, the development of polycystic ovary syndrome, gestational weight change, gestational dysglycemia and dyslipidemia, and the severity and timing of menopausal symptoms. These risk factors may themselves be markers of future dysfunction or may be explained by shared underlying etiologies that promote long-term disease development. Disentangling underlying relationships and identifying potentially modifiable characteristics have an important bearing on therapeutic lifestyle modifications that could ease long-term metabolic burden. Further research that better characterizes associations between reproductive characteristics and metabolic health, clarifies underlying etiologies, and identifies indicators for clinical application is warranted in the prevention and management of metabolic dysfunction.

中文翻译：

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女性生命历程中的生殖风险因素以及后期的代谢健康

代谢健康的特点是最佳的血糖、血脂、胆固醇、血压和肥胖。这些特征的改变可能导致 2 型糖尿病或血脂异常。最近的证据表明，女性生殖特征可能被忽视，因为它是导致后来代谢功能障碍的危险因素。这些生殖特征包括初潮年龄、月经不规律、多囊卵巢综合征的发生、妊娠体重变化、妊娠期血糖异常和血脂异常，以及更年期症状的严重程度和时间。这些风险因素本身可能是未来功能障碍的标志，或者可以通过促进长期疾病发展的共同潜在病因来解释。理清潜在的关系并确定潜在的可改变的特征对于治疗性生活方式的改变具有重要影响，从而可以减轻长期的代谢负担。在代谢功能障碍的预防和管理中，有必要进行进一步的研究，以更好地描述生殖特征和代谢健康之间的关联，阐明潜在的病因，并确定临床应用的指标。