Context or problem

Resource-use inefficiency, environmental degradation and food security are forcing a transformation from conventional to organic and sustainable agriculture.

Objective or research question

Realizing synergistic use of light, water, and nitrogen resources for spring maize in a more circular straw utilization model, while comprehensively evaluating the sustainability of the scheme is the key to solving the above problems in rainfed areas, but there are few reports.

Methods

According to a crop-livestock-biogas digester straw recycling model, straw can be returned to the field directly or in the form of cattle manure after fattening, or cattle manure can continue to be recycled by the digester as the only fermentation substrate, and ultimately returned to the field indirectly in the form of biogas residue. Therefore, according to different levels of straw recycling, four treatments were set up in this study: straw (S), cattle manure (M), biogas residue (BR) and control (CK) for a comparative study of water use efficiency, net solar radiation use efficiency, photosynthetic and leaf characteristics post-anthesis, annual nitrogen balance, spring maize yield, and sustainability index.

Results

The results showed that straw and its derivatives effectively improve the utilization efficiency of light and water, potentially reducing the adverse effects of factors on yield variability. Maintaining high levels of photosynthetic activity after anthesis was mainly due to the positive effects of organic amendments on nitrogen content per unit leaf area. This led to significant increases in grain yield and harvested index by 5.95% to 13.22% and 3.41% to 6.37%, respectively. However, exogenous organic N addition promoted N₂O emission and NH₃ volatilization, resulting in a higher N surplus. The sustainable index of each treatment was in the following order: BR>M>CK>S.

Conclusions

Long-term organic amendments, especially BR, can effectively improve the utilization and synergistic effects of critical production resources, constituting a high-yielding, efficient and sustainable spring maize population, which is consistent with our hypothesis that the sustainability index is higher in more circular straw utilization.

Implications or significance

This study provides a new plastic film cultivation strategy and evaluation perspective for sustainable spring maize production in the study area or similar areas.

中文翻译：

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优化玉米生产力：雨养农业中结合秸秆衍生物和薄膜覆盖的可持续方法

背景或问题

资源利用效率低下、环境退化和粮食安全正在迫使传统农业向有机和可持续农业转型。

目标或研究问题

以更循环的秸秆利用模式实现春玉米光、水、氮资源的协同利用，同时综合评估方案的可持续性是雨养地区解决上述问题的关键，但目前报道较少。

方法

根据农畜沼气池秸秆回收模式，秸秆可以直接还田，也可以育肥后以牛粪的形式还田，或者牛粪可以作为唯一的发酵底物继续被沼气池回收利用，最终以沼渣的形式间接返回田间。因此，本研究根据不同秸秆回收水平，设置秸秆（S）、牛粪（M）、沼渣（BR）和对照（CK）4个处理，进行水分利用效率、净水量的对比研究。太阳辐射利用效率、花后光合作用和叶片特征、年度氮平衡、春玉米产量和可持续性指数。

结果

结果表明，秸秆及其衍生物有效提高了光和水的利用效率，潜在地减少了因素对产量变异的不利影响。花后保持高水平的光合活性主要是由于有机改良剂对单位叶面积氮含量的积极影响。粮食产量和收获指数分别大幅提高5.95%至13.22%和3.41%至6.37%。然而，外源有机氮的添加促进了N ₂ O排放和NH ₃挥发，导致氮过剩较高。各处理可持续指数大小顺序为：BR>M>CK>S。

结论

长期的有机改良剂，特别是BR，可以有效提高关键生产资源的利用率和协同效应，构成高产、高效和可持续的春玉米群体，这与我们的假设一致，即循环程度越高，可持续性指数越高。秸秆利用。

影响或意义

本研究为研究区或类似地区春玉米可持续生产提供了新的地膜栽培策略和评价视角。