For tunnels in a cold region, the research of frost heaving-induced pressure (FHIP) due to frozen partial ponding is carried out based on certain theoretical assumptions. However, there is few research using the laboratory experiment to investigate the evolution of FHIP with time and space. Therefore, in this paper, to study the mechanism of the FHIP induced by frozen partial ponding of tunnel in the cold region, a three-dimensional geotechnical model test equipment only considering frost heave loads on lining is developed, in which the cold air of environment can be blown into the tunnel. Accordingly, the variation law of FHIP and the temperature field in the surrounding rock under the freezing condition are discussed. Moreover, a three-dimensional cone shape constrained model is developed to predict FHIP by considering the differences of the ponding depth, the stiffness of the surrounding rock and lining, which is further validated by comparing with experimental data. Results indicate that when the FHIP occurs, the temperature in the surrounding rock starts to drop rapidly with time. This proposed model can evaluate the FHIP caused by a frozen partial ponding with any cone shape and size. To account for the effect of time, the theoretical and semi-empirical model is further developed based on the three-dimensional cone shape constrained model. Comparisons with experimental data demonstrate that the modified theoretical and semi-empirical model well predict the evolution law of FHIP. This research can provide theoretical references to reveal the spatio-temporal evolution of the FHIP for partial ponding of tunnels in the cold region.

针对寒冷地区隧道，基于一定的理论假设，开展冻胀诱发压力（FHIP）研究。然而，很少有研究利用实验室实验来研究FHIP随时间和空间的演化。因此，本文为研究寒冷地区隧道局部冻胀引起FHIP的机理，研制了一种仅考虑衬砌冻胀荷载的三维岩土模型试验装置，其中环境冷空气可以被吹进隧道。据此，讨论了冻结条件下FHIP和围岩温度场的变化规律。此外，考虑积水深度、围岩和衬砌刚度的差异，建立了三维锥体形状约束模型来预测FHIP，并通过与实验数据的比较进一步验证了该模型。结果表明，当 FHIP 发生时，围岩温度随着时间开始迅速下降。该模型可以评估由任何圆锥形状和尺寸的冻结部分积水引起的 FHIP。为了考虑时间的影响，在三维圆锥形状约束模型的基础上进一步发展了理论和半经验模型。与实验数据的比较表明，修正后的理论和半经验模型很好地预测了FHIP的演化规律。该研究可为揭示寒冷地区隧道局部积水的FHIP时空演化提供理论参考。