The increasing trend towards low Greenhouse gas emissions, sustainable sourcing and waste minimisation has led to a large number of new surface-active species being made available whose unique sourcing and physical properties render them important aids towards achieving nett zero carbon in Home and Personal Care formulations. The X-ray and neutron small angle scattering techniques together with cryo-TEM and molecular modelling are important tools for the characterisation of their self-assembled microstructures in aqueous solution. In this Chapter, some of the recent studies of mixtures of a selection of novel biosurfactants, sophorolipids, rhamnolipids and triterpenoid saponins, with other commonplace anionic and nonionic surfactants are presented and discussed.

中文翻译：

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生物表面活性剂表面活性剂混合和自组装的最新趋势

低温室气体排放、可持续采购和废物最小化的趋势日益明显，导致出现了大量新的表面活性物质，其独特的采购和物理特性使其成为家庭和个人护理配方中实现净零碳的重要帮助。 X 射线和中子小角散射技术以及冷冻 TEM 和分子建模是表征其在水溶液中自组装微观结构的重要工具。本章介绍并讨论了一些新型生物表面活性剂、槐糖脂、鼠李糖脂和三萜皂苷与其他常见阴离子和非离子表面活性剂的混合物的最新研究。