Sustainable agriculture should aim to increase grain yield and yield stability while improving soil structure. Despite different straw return practices are widely recommended in agroecosystems targeting sustainable agriculture, few studies have concurrently explored their impact on grain yield, yield stability, soil structural properties, and any potential interactions between these variables. Therefore, we conducted a seven-year field experiment to investigate how different straw return practices affect grain yield, yield stability, and soil structural properties. The experiment included four treatments: straw removal (control), straw mulch (SM), straw incorporation (SI), and ammoniated straw incorporation (ASI). Our results showed that SM, SI, and ASI significantly increased grain yield by 12%, 13%, and 24% and yield stability by 4%, 11%, and 15%, respectively, relative to the control. Furthermore, SM, SI, and ASI increased soil mean weight diameter by 32%, 26%, and 34% and soil organic carbon (SOC) content within the > 2 mm soil aggregate fraction by 11%, 14%, and 14%, respectively; these two parameters also positively correlated with grain yield. Moreover, SM, SI, and ASI increased soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil water retention. Our findings suggest that the increased proportion of soil macro-aggregates with straw return enhances SOC content and grain yield, highlighting the need for further research on fundamental soil physical processes as potential drivers of sustainable agriculture.

可持续农业的目标应是提高粮食产量和产量稳定性，同时改善土壤结构。尽管在以可持续农业为目标的农业生态系统中广泛推荐不同的秸秆还田做法，但很少有研究同时探讨它们对粮食产量、产量稳定性、土壤结构特性以及这些变量之间任何潜在相互作用的影响。因此，我们进行了为期七年的田间试验，研究不同秸秆还田方式对粮食产量、产量稳定性和土壤结构特性的影响。试验包括四种处理：秸秆清除（对照）、秸秆覆盖（SM）、秸秆掺入（SI）和氨化秸秆掺入（ASI）。我们的结果表明，与对照相比，SM、SI 和 ASI 使谷物产量分别显着提高了 12%、13% 和 24%，产量稳定性分别提高了 4%、11% 和 15%。此外，SM、SI 和 ASI 使土壤平均重量直径增加了 32%、26% 和 34%，> 2 毫米土壤团聚体部分内的土壤有机碳(SOC) 含量增加了 11%、14% 和 14%，分别; 这两个参数也与粮食产量呈正相关。此外，SM、SI 和 ASI 增加了土壤饱和导水率和土壤保水性。我们的研究结果表明，秸秆还田的土壤大团聚体比​​例的增加提高了有机碳含量和粮食产量，这突出表明需要进一步研究基本土壤物理过程作为可持续农业的潜在驱动力。