Due to the increasing prevalence of high myopia around the world, structural and functional damages to the optic nerve in high myopia has recently attracted much attention. Evidence has shown that high myopia is related to the development of glaucomatous or glaucoma-like optic neuropathy, and that both have many common features. These similarities often pose a diagnostic challenge that will affect the future management of glaucoma suspects in high myopia. In this review, we summarize similarities and differences in optic neuropathy arising from non-pathologic high myopia and glaucoma by considering their respective structural and functional characteristics on fundus photography, optical coherence tomography scanning, and visual field tests. These features may also help to distinguish the underlying mechanisms of the optic neuropathies and to determine management strategies for patients with high myopia and glaucoma.

中文翻译：

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高度近视的视神经病变：青光眼或高度近视或两者兼而有之？

由于高度近视在世界范围内的患病率不断增加，高度近视对视神经的结构和功能损害最近引起了人们的广泛关注。有证据表明，高度近视与青光眼或青光眼样视神经病变的发生有关，并且两者具有许多共同特征。这些相似之处通常会带来诊断挑战，影响高度近视青光眼疑似患者的未来治疗。在这篇综述中，我们通过考虑眼底摄影、光学相干断层扫描和视野测试各自的结构和功能特征，总结了非病理性高度近视和青光眼引起的视神经病变的异同。这些特征还可能有助于区分视神经病变的潜在机制，并确定高度近视和青光眼患者的治疗策略。