The gas dynamics of single-phase nonreacting fluids whose thermodynamic states are close to vapor-liquid saturation, close to the vapor-liquid critical point, or in supercritical conditions differs quantitatively and qualitatively from the textbook gas dynamics of dilute, ideal gases. Due to nonideal fluid thermodynamic properties, unconventional gas dynamic effects are possible, including nonclassical rarefaction shock waves and the nonmonotonic variation of the Mach number along steady isentropic expansions. This review provides a comprehensive theoretical framework of the fundamentals of nonideal compressible fluid dynamics (NICFD). The relation between nonideal gas dynamics and the complexity of the fluid molecules is clarified. The theoretical, numerical, and experimental tools currently employed to investigate NICFD flows and related applications are reviewed, followed by an overview of industrial processes involving NICFD, ranging from organic Rankine and supercritical CO2 cycle power systems to supercritical processes. The future challenges facing researchers in the field are briefly outlined.

中文翻译：

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稠密蒸汽和超临界流体的非理想可压缩流体动力学

热力学状态接近汽液饱和、接近汽液临界点或处于超临界条件的单相非反应流体的气体动力学在数量和质量上与教科书上的稀理想气体的气体动力学不同。由于非理想流体热力学特性，非常规气体动力学效应是可能的，包括非经典稀疏冲击波和马赫数沿稳定等熵膨胀的非单调变化。这篇综述提供了非理想可压缩流体动力学 (NICFD) 基础的全面理论框架。阐明了非理想气体动力学与流体分子复杂性之间的关系。回顾了目前用于研究 NICFD 流动和相关应用的理论、数值和实验工具，随后概述了涉及 NICFD 的工业过程，包括有机朗肯和超临界 CO2将电力系统循环至超临界过程。简要概述了该领域研究人员未来面临的挑战。