The Von Neumann architecture has been the foundation of modern computing systems. Still, its limitations in processing large amounts of data and parallel processing have become more apparent as computing requirements increase. Neuromorphic computing, inspired by the architecture of the human brain, has emerged as a promising solution for developing next-generation computing and memory devices with unprecedented computational power and significantly lower energy consumption. In particular, the development of optoelectronic artificial synaptic devices has made significant progress toward emulating the functionality of biological synapses in the brain. Among them, the potential to mimic the function of the biological eye also paves the way for advancements in robot vision and artificial intelligence. This review focuses on the emerging field of optoelectronic artificial synapses and memristors based on low-dimensional nanomaterials. The unique photoelectric properties of these materials make them ideal for use in neuromorphic and optoelectronic storage devices, with advantages including high carrier mobility, size-tunable optical properties, and low resistor–capacitor circuit delay. The working mechanisms, device structure designs, and applications of these devices are also summarized to achieve truly sense-storage-computer integrated optoelectronic artificial synapses.

中文翻译：

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基于低维纳米材料的新兴光电人工突触和忆阻器

冯·诺依曼架构一直是现代计算系统的基础。尽管如此，随着计算需求的增加，其在处理大量数据和并行处理方面的局限性变得更加明显。受人脑结构启发的神经形态计算已成为开发下一代计算和存储设备的一种有前景的解决方案，具有前所未有的计算能力和显着降低的能耗。特别是，光电人工突触装置的发展在模拟大脑中生物突触的功能方面取得了重大进展。其中，模仿生物眼功能的潜力也为机器人视觉和人工智能的进步铺平了道路。本综述重点关注基于低维纳米材料的光电人工突触和忆阻器这一新兴领域。这些材料独特的光电特性使其非常适合用于神经形态和光电存储设备，其优点包括高载流子迁移率、尺寸可调的光学特性和低电阻电容电路延迟。还总结了这些器件的工作机制、器件结构设计和应用，以实现真正的传感-存储-计算机集成的光电人工突触。