Research indicates that sexual orientation change efforts (SOCEs) are not effective and furthermore commonly lead to iatrogenic effects such as depression, anxiety, and even suicide. Negative attitudes toward homosexuality derive from most formal religions and are incarnated in medical and psychological theories that support and encourage SOCEs. Oppression of sexual minorities makes it unlikely that change requests by patients are voluntary. Recently there has been a dramatic change as the field moves from reparative to affirmative approaches. Here, we review the history of SOCEs, their consequences, current affirmative treatments, and future directions in the field as they pertain to the well-being of the queer community. From an institutional community psychology perspective, we argue that even if true conversion were possible, such efforts are unethical and should not be pursued even if requested. As is the case with all psychological/psychiatric interventions, the issue is not “can” but “ought.”Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Volume 20 is May 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

---

转换治疗的历史和医源性影响

研究表明，改变性取向的努力（SOCE）并不有效，而且通常会导致医源性影响，例如抑郁、焦虑，甚至自杀。对同性恋的消极态度源于大多数正式宗教，并体现在支持和鼓励 SOCE 的医学和心理学理论中。对性少数群体的压迫使得患者的改变请求不太可能是自愿的。最近，随着该领域从修复性方法转向肯定性方法，发生了巨大的变化。在这里，我们回顾了 SOCE 的历史、其后果、当前的平权待遇以及该领域的未来方向，因为它们关系到酷儿社区的福祉。从机构社区心理学的角度来看，我们认为即使真正的皈依是可能的，这种努力也是不道德的，即使有要求也不应该进行。与所有心理/精神干预措施一样，问题不是“可以”而是“应该”。《临床心理学年度评论》第 20 卷的预计最终在线出版日期为 2024 年 5 月。 Annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates 了解修订后的估计。