This systematic review and meta-analysis provide an update of an earlier meta-analysis examining the impact of gestational weight gain (GWG) on postpartum weight retention (PPWR). Thirty-four observational studies were included, and results from 18 studies were combined in meta-analyses. We found that women with excessive GWG retained an additional 2.98 kg (95% CI: 0.59, 5.37 kg, I² = 91%) at 0.5 years, 1.89 kg (95% CI: 0.90, 2.88 kg, I² = 61%) at > 0.5–1 year and 2.89 kg (95% CI: 1.74, 4.04 kg, I ² = 0%) at 2–4 years, compared to women who met the National Academy of Medicine GWG recommendations. Moreover, synthesis of confounder-adjusted regression coefficients showed that each 1 kg increase of GWG corresponded to 0.62 kg (95% CI: 0.22, 1.02 kg, I² = 96%) additional PPWR at 6–9 months, 0.48 kg (95% CI: 0.14, 0.81 kg, I² = 93%) at 1–3 years, and 0.31 kg (95% CI: −0.24, 0.86 kg, I² = 89%) at 5–7 years postpartum. Findings suggest that higher GWG contributes to increased maternal body weight in the short- and long-term after childbirth, independent of prepregnancy body mass index. The heterogeneity of reported data and methodological differences across studies complicate the ability to synthesize data and interpret findings.

中文翻译：

---

妊娠期体重增加如何影响短期和长期产后体重保持？更新的系统评价和荟萃分析

这项系统回顾和荟萃分析提供了早期荟萃分析的更新，该分析研究了妊娠期体重增加 (GWG) 对产后体重保留 (PPWR) 的影响。纳入了 34 项观察性研究，并在荟萃分析中合并了 18 项研究的结果。 我们发现，GWG 过多的女性在 0.5 岁时体重增加了 2.98 公斤（95% CI：0.59, 5.37 公斤，I ^{2 = 91%），1.89 公斤（95% CI：0.90, 2.88 公斤，} I ²  = 61%） 与符合美国国家医学院 GWG 建议的女性相比，2-4 岁时体重> 0.5-1 岁，体重 2.89 kg（95% CI：1.74, 4.04 kg，I ^{2 = 0%）。}此外，混杂因素调整回归系数的综合表明，GWG 每增加 1 kg，对应 6-9 个月时的额外 PPWR 0.62 kg（95% CI：0.22，1.02 kg， I ² = 96%），0.48 kg（95% CI）产后 1-3 年CI：0.14，0.81 kg，I ² = 93%）， 产后 5-7 年 CI：0.31 kg（95% CI：-0.24，0.86 kg，I ^{2 = 89%）。}研究结果表明，较高的 GWG 有助于产后短期和长期体重增加，与孕前体重指数无关。不同研究报告数据的异质性和方法学差异使综合数据和解释研究结果的能力变得复杂。