Estrogen receptor-positive (ER) breast tumors have a better overall prognosis than ER tumors; however, there is a sustained risk of recurrence. Mounting evidence indicates that genetic and epigenetic changes associated with resistance impact critical signaling pathways governing cell metabolism. This review delves into recent literature concerning the metabolic pathways regulated in ER breast tumors by the availability of nutrients and endocrine therapies and summarizes research on how changes in systemic and gut microbial metabolism can affect ER activity and responsiveness to endocrine therapy. As targeting of metabolic pathways using dietary or pharmacological approaches enters the clinic, we provide an overview of the supporting literature and suggest future directions.

中文翻译：

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针对 ER+ 乳腺癌的全身和肠道微生物代谢

雌激素受体阳性（ER）乳腺肿瘤的总体预后优于 ER 肿瘤；然而，存在持续的复发风险。越来越多的证据表明，与耐药性相关的遗传和表观遗传变化会影响控制细胞代谢的关键信号通路。这篇综述深入研究了有关 ER 乳腺肿瘤中营养物质和内分泌治疗调节代谢途径的最新文献，并总结了全身和肠道微生物代谢的变化如何影响 ER 活性和对内分泌治疗的反应性的研究。随着使用饮食或药理学方法靶向代谢途径进入临床，我们提供了支持文献的概述并提出了未来的方向。