Exposure to maternal depressive and anxious symptomatology in utero and after birth can affect child outcomes. One proposed mechanism is through changes in child stress hormone levels, however current studies present inconsistent findings, and further research is needed to better understand the impact of maternal mental health on child stress response. This study aims to add to the limited literature by analysing longitudinal data ranging from 24 weeks amenorrhea to 5 years postpartum among 281 mother-child pairs from the French EDEN mother-child birth cohort. Hair cortisol and cortisone data were collected from children at four time points: birth, 1, 3, and 5 years. Mothers reported depressive symptomatology via the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) (at 24-weeks amenorrhea, 3-, and 5-year follow-up), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) (at 4, 8 and 12 months postpartum). Prenatal anxiety symptomatology was measured via the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI) at 24 weeks amenorrhea. Group-based trajectory modelling indicated a 1-cluster classification of longitudinal child hair cortisol, cortisone and cortisol-to-cortisone ratio, as analyses did not reveal a classification by subgroups representing different child profiles. After inverse probability weighting, small effects showed prenatal depressive symptomatology was significantly associated to higher levels of child hair cortisone at one year. Prenatal anxiety symptomatology was significantly linked to higher levels of child cortisol measured at birth and cortisone at birth and at 1 year. Postpartum depressive symptomatology at 8 months was related to higher levels of cortisone among 3-year-olds. These effects were not moderated by child sex or maternal socio-economic status. Further research is needed to understand why there are associations at some time points and not others to determine any potential buffering factors.

在子宫内和出生后暴露于母亲抑郁和焦虑症状可能会影响孩子的结局。一种拟议的机制是通过改变儿童应激激素水平，但目前的研究结果不一致，需要进一步研究以更好地了解母亲心理健康对儿童应激反应的影响。本研究旨在通过分析来自法国 EDEN 母子出生队列的 281 对母子从闭经 24 周到产后 5 年的纵向数据，对有限的文献进行补充。在四个时间点收集儿童的头发皮质醇和可的松数据：出生、1、3 和 5 岁。母亲通过流行病学研究中心抑郁量表 (CES-D)（闭经 24 周、3 和 5 年随访）和爱丁堡产后抑郁量表 (EPDS)（4、8 岁）报告抑郁症状。以及产后 12 个月）。通过闭经 24 周时的状态焦虑量表 (STAI) 测量产前焦虑症状。基于组的轨迹模型表明纵向儿童头发皮质醇、可的松和皮质醇与可的松比率的 1 簇分类，因为分析没有揭示代表不同儿童概况的亚组的分类。经过逆概率加权后，微小的影响表明，产前抑郁症状与一年后儿童头发可的松水平较高显着相关。产前焦虑症状与出生时测得的儿童皮质醇、出生时和一岁时测得的可的松水平较高显着相关。8 个月时的产后抑郁症状与 3 岁儿童体内可的松水平较高有关。这些影响不受儿童性别或母亲社会经济地位的影响。需要进一步研究来了解为什么在某些时间点存在关联而在其他时间点不存在关联，以确定任何潜在的缓冲因素。