Nuclear organization has emerged as a critical layer in the coordination of DNA repair activities. Distinct types of DNA lesions have notably been shown to relocate at the vicinity of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), where specific repair pathways are favored, ultimately safeguarding genome integrity. Here, we review the most recent progress in this field, notably highlighting the increasingly diverse types of DNA structures undergoing repositioning, and the signaling pathways involved. We further discuss our growing knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the choice of repair pathways at NPCs, and their conservation — or divergences. Intriguingly, a series of recent findings suggest that DNA metabolism may be coupled to NPC biogenesis and specialization, challenging our initial vision of these processes.

核组织已成为协调 DNA 修复活动的关键层。值得注意的是，不同类型的 DNA 损伤已被证明会重新定位在核孔复合体 (NPC) 附近，那里有利于特定的修复途径，最终保护基因组的完整性。在这里，我们回顾了该领域的最新进展，特别强调了正在进行重新定位的日益多样化的 DNA 结构类型以及所涉及的信号通路。我们进一步讨论了我们对 NPC 修复途径选择及其保守性或分歧的分子机制的不断了解。有趣的是，最近的一系列研究结果表明 DNA 代谢可能与 NPC 生物发生和特化相关，这挑战了我们对这些过程的最初看法。