The frequency of droughts and floods has increased due to climate change and human activities, leading to adverse impacts on agricultural production. Conventional tillage exacerbates the vulnerability of crops to extreme weather. Optimized tillage practices can maintain crop yield stability by increasing soil water-holding capacity during dry seasons and improving crop lodging resistance during heavy rainfall events. The effects of tillage practice under different rainfall types on the productivity of summer maize were studied by combining a five-year field experiment and a meta-analysis. The study tested four tillage treatments: conventional tillage (CT), no-tillage (NT), ridge cultivation with no-tillage (RNT), and winter wheat conventional tillage followed by summer maize no-tillage (NC). Normal rainfall years (2018, 2019 and 2021), a wet year (2020), and a drought year (2022) were experienced during the experiment. Compared to CT, NC significantly increased available soil water storage during the dry season by an average of 19.7 % (P < 0.05). NC and RNT had lower lodging rates during the wet year than CT, and over the five years, NC had a higher average maize yield (9.8 t ha⁻¹) than RNT, while RNT had a higher yield during the wet year (10.7 t ha⁻¹). NC also had significantly higher yield stability than CT. Furthermore, NC and RNT had higher rainwater use efficiencies (RUE) (23.9 and 23.0 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹, respectively) than NT and CT (22.9 and 21.6 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹, respectively). A meta-analysis showed that the crop yield under combined tillage (COT) was significantly higher than CT and NT by 6.7 % and 7.1 %, respectively, confirming the reliability and universality of the field experiment results. Overall, NC rotation is recommended as the best tillage system for sustainable crop production under semi-arid conditions, while RNT can be used in areas with abundant rainfall and prone to flooding. Our research findings offer evidence-based insights into management strategies that can enhance agricultural ecosystem resilience and production stability under extreme climate conditions.

由于气候变化和人类活动，干旱和洪水发生频率增加，对农业生产造成不利影响。传统耕作加剧了农作物对极端天气的脆弱性。优化的耕作方法可以通过增加旱季土壤持水能力和提高强降雨期间作物的抗倒伏能力来保持作物产量的稳定性。通过五年田间试验和荟萃分析相结合，研究了不同降雨类型下耕作方式对夏玉米生产力的影响。该研究测试了四种耕作处理：常规耕作（CT）、免耕（NT）、免耕垄作（RNT）以及冬小麦常规耕作后夏玉米免耕（NC）。实验过程中经历了正常降雨年（2018年、2019年和2021年）、丰水年（2020年）和干旱年（2022年）。与CT相比，NC显着增加了旱季土壤可用水储量，平均增加19.7%（P <0.05）。NC和RNT在丰水年的倒伏率低于CT，并且在五年中，NC的平均玉米产量（9.8 t ha^-1）高于RNT，而RNT在丰水年的产量更高（10.7 t ha -1 ）。哈⁻¹）。NC 的产量稳定性也明显高于 CT。此外，NC和RNT的雨水利用效率（RUE）（分别为23.9和23.0 kg ha^-1mm^-1）高于NT和CT（分别为22.9和21.6 kg ha^-1mm^-1）。荟萃分析表明，联合耕作（COT）作物产量显着高于CT和NT，分别高出6.7%和7.1%，证实了田间试验结果的可靠性和普适性。总体而言，NC轮作被推荐为半干旱条件下可持续作物生产的最佳耕作制度，而RNT可用于降雨量充沛且容易发生洪水的地区。我们的研究结果为管理策略提供了基于证据的见解，可以增强极端气候条件下农业生态系统的恢复力和生产稳定性。