The versatile manipulation of electron motion on the atomic scale calls for the shaping of the electric field evolution of light within a single cycle. The super-octave bandwidth required for this task dramatically increases the probability of formation of spatio-temporal distortions. As a result, the accuracy of physical observables can be extremely compromised by spatial averaging unless the complete spatio-temporal field information is known. Here, we apply spatially resolved electro-optic sampling to record three-dimensional electric-field structure of a sub-cycle synthesized light transient carrying wavelengths from 700 to 2700 nm. We show an in-depth picture of the field synthesis process, disclosing how temporal, spectral, and global-phase properties of the synthesized pulse vary across space, including the propagation direction around the focal point where the transient is generated.

中文翻译：

---

合成光瞬变的时空电场表征

在原子尺度上对电子运动的多功能操纵需要在单个周期内塑造光的电场演化。此任务所需的超倍频程带宽极大地增加了时空扭曲形成的可能性。因此，除非完整的时空场信息已知，否则空间平均会严重损害物理可观测值的准确性。在这里，我们应用空间分辨电光采样来记录波长为 700 至 2700 nm 的子周期合成光瞬态的三维电场结构。我们展示了场合成过程的深入图片，揭示了合成脉冲的时间、光谱和全局相位特性如何在空间中变化，包括产生瞬态的焦点周围的传播方向。