Specific psychological treatments have demonstrated efficacy and represent the first-line approaches recommended for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. Unfortunately, many patients, particularly those with anorexia nervosa, do not derive sufficient benefit from existing treatments, and better or alternative treatments for eating disorders are needed. Less progress has been made in developing pharmacologic options for eating disorders. No medications approved for anorexia nervosa exist, and only one each exists for bulimia nervosa and for binge-eating disorder; available data indicate that most patients fail to benefit from available medications. Longer and combined treatments have generally not enhanced outcomes. This review presents emerging findings from more complex and clinically relevant adaptive treatment designs, as they offer some clinical guidance and may serve as models for future enhanced treatment research.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Volume 20 is May 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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饮食失调的治疗：现状、挑战和未来方向

特定的心理治疗已被证明有效，并且是推荐用于治疗神经性厌食症、神经性贪食症和暴食症的一线方法。不幸的是，许多患者，特别是神经性厌食症患者，没有从现有治疗中获得足够的益处，因此需要更好或替代的饮食失调治疗方法。在开发治疗饮食失调的药物选择方面取得的进展较少。目前还没有批准用于治疗神经性厌食症的药物，并且只有一种用于治疗神经性贪食症和暴食症的药物；现有数据表明，大多数患者未能从现有药物中受益。较长时间的联合治疗通常不会改善疗效。本综述介绍了更复杂且与临床相关的适应性治疗设计的新发现，因为它们提供了一些临床指导，并可以作为未来强化治疗研究的模型。《临床心理学年度评论》第 20 卷的预计最终在线发布日期为 2024 年 5 月请参阅 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates 了解修订后的估计。