Entomophilous plants rely on insects for pollination and consequently for reproduction. However, insect pollinators are facing multiple human-driven pressures, from climate change to habitat loss to increased pesticide application. Anthropogenic activities have also led to critical increases in air pollution. A recent body of research focusing on the effects of air pollution on plant–pollinator interactions shows that air pollution might join the list of factors threatening insect pollination. Here, we examine the ways in which air pollution is thought to influence insect pollination, from potential mismatches between flowering and pollinator activity, to changes in pollinator attraction to flowers, to extensions in foraging periods. We consider the implications of these changes for plant reproduction and pollinator fitness and discuss how air pollutants are imperiling plant and pollinator communities. Finally, we define the questions that need to be addressed to better understand the impact of air pollution as a major driver of global change.

中文翻译：

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空气污染：对昆虫授粉的威胁

虫媒植物依靠昆虫进行授粉，从而进行繁殖。然而，昆虫传粉媒介面临着多种人类驱动的压力，从气候变化到栖息地丧失，再到农药施用量的增加。人类活动也导致空气污染严重增加。最近的一项研究重点关注空气污染对植物与传粉媒介相互作用的影响，表明空气污染可能会成为威胁昆虫授粉的因素之一。在这里，我们研究了空气污染影响昆虫授粉的方式，从开花和授粉媒介活动之间潜在的不匹配，到授粉媒介对花朵的吸引力的变化，再到觅食期的延长。我们考虑这些变化对植物繁殖和传粉媒介适应性的影响，并讨论空气污染物如何危及植物和传粉媒介群落。最后，我们定义了需要解决的问题，以更好地了解空气污染作为全球变化的主要驱动因素的影响。