B vitamins are intricately involved in various physiological processes vital for health. Their significance is complicated by the heterogeneous landscape of B vitamin distribution in diets and the contributions of the gut microbiota. Here, we delve into the impact of these factors on B vitamins and introduce strategies, with a focus on microbiota-based therapeutic options, to enhance their availability for improved well-being. Additionally, we provide an ecological and evolutionary perspective on the importance of B vitamins to human-microbiota interactions. In the dynamic realms of nutrition and microbiome science, these essential micronutrients continue to play a fundamental role in our understanding of disease development.

B 族维生素错综复杂地参与对健康至关重要的各种生理过程。由于饮食中 B 族维生素分布的异质性以及肠道微生物群的贡献，它们的重要性变得更加复杂。在这里，我们深入研究这些因素对 B 族维生素的影响，并介绍策略，重点关注基于微生物群的治疗方案，以提高其可用性，从而改善健康。此外，我们还从生态和进化的角度来阐述 B 族维生素对人类与微生物群相互作用的重要性。在营养和微生物组科学的动态领域，这些必需的微量营养素在我们了解疾病发展方面继续发挥着基础作用。