Nanovesicles (NVs) are widely used in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases due to their excellent vascular permeability, good biocompatibility, high loading capacity, and easy functionalization. However, their yield and in vivo penetration depth limitations and their complex preparation processes still constrain their application and development. Ultrasound, as a fundamental external stimulus with deep tissue penetration, concentrated energy sources, and good safety, has been proven to be a patient-friendly and highly efficient strategy to overcome the restrictions of traditional clinical medicine. Recent research has shown that ultrasound can drive the generation of NVs, increase their yield, simplify their preparation process, and provide direct therapeutic effects and intelligent control to enhance the therapeutic effect of NVs. In addition, NVs, as excellent drug carriers, can enhance the targeting efficiency of ultrasound-based sonodynamic therapy or sonogenetic regulation and improve the accuracy of ultrasound imaging. This review provides a detailed introduction to the classification, generation, and modification strategies of NVs, emphasizing the impact of ultrasound on the formation of NVs and summarizing the enhanced treatment and diagnostic effects of NVs combined with ultrasound for various diseases.

纳米囊泡（NVs）因其优异的血管通透性、良好的生物相容性、高负载能力、易于功能化而被广泛应用于疾病的治疗和诊断。然而，它们的产量和体内渗透深度的限制以及复杂的制备过程仍然限制了它们的应用和发展。超声作为一种基本的外部刺激，具有组织穿透深、能量集中、安全性好的特点，已被证明是一种对患者友好且高效的策略，克服了传统临床医学的限制。最近的研究表明，超声可以驱动NVs的产生，提高其产量，简化其制备过程，并提供直接的治疗效果和智能控制以增强NVs的治疗效果。此外，NVs作为优良的药物载体，可以增强超声声动力治疗或声遗传学调控的靶向效率，提高超声成像的准确性。本文详细介绍了NVs的分类、产生和修饰策略，强调了超声对NVs形成的影响，总结了NVs联合超声对各种疾病的增强治疗和诊断效果。