Agricultural machinery's tillage and sowing processes can generate much farmland dust, adversely affecting the surrounding environment. Clarifying the dust emissions from various agricultural machinery operations and selecting a reasonable cultivation mode is significant for reducing dust in the atmosphere and protecting the environment. However, a systematic exploration of the agricultural dust generated during agricultural machinery operations is needed. Here, we designed a dust monitoring system to monitor farmland dust (PM2.5, PM10, and TSP) and environmental parameters at different points. The system is applied to monitor the dust emission concentration caused by agricultural machinery. We found the concentration of PM2.5, PM10, and TSP from straw returning operations to be 2.06, 3.16, and 2.84 times higher than that of ploughing operations. The increase in cultivation speed will lead to an increase in dust concentration. In straw returning operations, compared with low-speed, the increase in PM2.5, PM10, and TSP concentration during medium-speed cultivation is 21.6%, 12.5%, and 16.8%, whereas high-speed cultivation is 68.2%, 38.9%, and 35.7%, respectively. Moreover, conservation tillage modes can significantly suppress dust emissions. We found that conservation tillage produced the lowest concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and TSP during the tillage and sowing stages, which were 64.7%, 73.1%, and 72.1%, compared to traditional tillage. As the amount of straw coverage increases, the dust concentration decreases. The average PM2.5, PM10, and TSP concentration increment of NTS with LSMQ increased by 307.8%, 344.8%, and 346.8%. Our results demonstrate that adopting a conservation tillage and sowing model and increasing straw coverage can reduce dust emissions. The research results have specific guiding significance for reducing dust emissions during the spring and autumn cultivation. We anticipate evaluating further the contribution of small particulate matter generated during agricultural machinery operations to air pollution, and our research will provide a basis for future work.

农业机械耕作、播种过程中会产生大量农田扬尘，对周围环境产生不利影响。明确各类农机作业粉尘排放情况，选择合理的耕作方式，对于减少大气粉尘、保护环境具有重要意义。然而，需要对农业机械作业过程中产生的农业粉尘进行系统的探索。在这里，我们设计了一套扬尘监测系统，用于监测不同点的农田扬尘（PM2.5、PM10和TSP）和环境参数。该系统应用于农业机械扬尘排放浓度监测。秸秆还田作业中PM2.5、PM10、TSP浓度分别是耕地作业的2.06、3.16、2.84倍。培养速度的增加会导致粉尘浓度的增加。秸秆还田作业中，与低速耕作相比，中速耕作时PM2.5、PM10、TSP浓度增幅分别为21.6%、12.5%和16.8%，高速耕作时分别为68.2%、38.9% 、 和 35.7% 。此外，保护性耕作模式可以显着抑制粉尘排放。我们发现，与传统耕作相比，保护性耕作在耕作和播种阶段产生的 PM2.5、PM10 和 TSP 浓度最低，分别为 64.7%、73.1% 和 72.1%。随着秸秆覆盖量的增加，粉尘浓度降低。采用LSMQ的NTS平均PM2.5、PM10和TSP浓度增量分别增加了307.8%、344.8%和346.8%。我们的结果表明，采用保护性耕作和播种模式以及增加秸秆覆盖率可以减少粉尘排放。研究成果对于减少春秋栽培期间粉尘排放具有具体指导意义。我们预计将进一步评估农机作业过程中产生的小颗粒物对空气污染的影响，我们的研究将为未来的工作提供基础。