This study summarizes the OASIS (Overburden Analysis and Seal Integrity Study for CO₂ Sequestration in the North Sea) project that focuses on assessing the containment risks associated with the geological carbon sequestration (CCS) of the Northern Lights project. CCS is viewed as one of the most effective solutions for reducing carbon emissions, as it captures carbon dioxide from point sources and permanently stores it in suitable geological formations. However, injecting CO₂ into the subsurface may have mechanical consequences, including fault reactivation, top seal fracturing, surface heave, etc. This study proposes an interdisciplinary workflow to characterize the caprock, faults, and overburden associated with CCS projects in the Horda Platform area, to improve injection-induced containment risk assessment. Our findings show that the proposed workflows and tools effectively characterize stress-related mechanical hazards. However, due to the complex nature of rocks, it is challenging to evaluate the top seal integrity using a single method. Therefore, the proposed interdisciplinary approach is more effective for any fluid injection site's characterization, given the complex nature of the subsurface and its behavior under injection-induced stress changes. This research paper adds knowledge about the top seal integrity assessment and the reliability of injected CO₂, making CCS projects more reliable and safer. Although this study focuses on the northern North Sea, the proposed methods are equally applicable globally to characterize subsurface CO₂ storage sites. Apart from CCS projects, these research results can benefit other subsurface injection projects, such as water injection for reservoir management, wastewater injection for disposal, hydrogen storage, and hydraulic fracturing for unconventional hydrocarbon resources.

本研究总结了 OASIS（北海CO _{2封存的覆盖层分析和密封完整性研究）项目，该项目重点评估与北极光项目地质碳封存 (CCS) 相关的遏制风险。}CCS 被视为减少碳排放最有效的解决方案之一，因为它从点源捕获二氧化碳并将其永久储存在合适的地质构造中。然而，将CO ₂注入地下可能会产生机械后果，包括断层重新激活、顶部密封压裂、地表隆起等。本研究提出了一种跨学科工作流程来表征与Horda 平台区域CCS 项目相关的盖层、断层和覆盖层，改进注入引发的遏制风险评估。我们的研究结果表明，所提出的工作流程和工具有效地表征了与压力相关的机械危险。然而，由于岩石的复杂性，使用单一方法评估顶部密封完整性具有挑战性。因此，考虑到地下的复杂性质及其在注入引起的应力变化下的行为，所提出的跨学科方法对于任何流体注入部位的表征都更有效。_{该研究论文增加了有关顶部密封完整性评估和注入CO 2}可靠性的知识，使CCS项目更加可靠和安全。尽管本研究重点关注北海北部，但所提出的方法同样适用于全球范围内的地下 CO ₂封存地点的表征。除了CCS项目外，这些研究成果还可以惠及其他地下注入项目，例如用于油藏管理的注水、用于处理的废水注入、储氢以及非常规碳氢化合物资源的水力压裂。