In patients with significant cardiac valvular disease, intervention with either valve repair or valve replacement may be inevitable. Although valve repair is frequently performed, especially for mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, valve replacement remains common, particularly in adults. Diagnostic methods are often needed to assess the function of the prosthesis. Echocardiography is the first-line method for noninvasive evaluation of prosthetic valve function. The transthoracic approach is complemented with two-dimensional and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography for further refinement of valve morphology and function when needed. More recently, advances in computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance have enhanced their roles in evaluating valvular heart disease. This document offers a review of the echocardiographic techniques used and provides recommendations and general guidelines for evaluation of prosthetic valve function on the basis of the scientific literature and consensus of a panel of experts. This guideline discusses the role of advanced imaging with transesophageal echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance in evaluating prosthetic valve structure, function, and regurgitation. It replaces the 2009 American Society of Echocardiography guideline on prosthetic valves and complements the 2019 guideline on the evaluation of valvular regurgitation after percutaneous valve repair or replacement.

对于患有严重心脏瓣膜病的患者，瓣膜修复或瓣膜置换的干预可能是不可避免的。尽管经常进行瓣膜修复，特别是对于二尖瓣和三尖瓣反流，但瓣膜置换术仍然很常见，特别是在成人中。通常需要诊断方法来评估假体的功能。超声心动图是无创评估人工瓣膜功能的一线方法。经胸入路辅以二维和三维经食管超声心动图，以便在需要时进一步细化瓣膜形态和功能。最近，计算机断层扫描和心脏磁共振的进步增强了它们在评估瓣膜性心脏病方面的作用。本文件回顾了所使用的超声心动图技术，并根据科学文献和专家小组的共识，提供了评估人工瓣膜功能的建议和一般指南。本指南讨论了经食管超声心动图、心脏计算机断层扫描和心脏磁共振等先进成像技术在评估人工瓣膜结构、功能和反流方面的作用。它取代了 2009 年美国超声心动图协会关于人工瓣膜的指南，并补充了 2019 年经皮瓣膜修复或置换后瓣膜反流评估指南。