Increasing crop production and soil carbon sequestration is critical for sustainable agricultural development. Straw returning, a common agricultural practice, positively affects grain yield and soil organic carbon. Nevertheless, the slow decomposition rate and high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of straw are significant obstacles to its effectiveness. A mmonifying straw using urea and calcium hydroxide may be a promising solution, whereas limited information is available on the impacts of ammoniated straw returning on crop production and soil carbon sequestration. Therefore, in a winter wheat-summer maize rotation system, we conducted an experiment with three straw returning treatments (T1, straw removal; T2, traditional straw returning; T3, ammoniated straw returning) to investigate their impacts on crop growth, grain yield and yield components, carbon inputs and outputs, and net ecosystem carbon budget (NECB). The results showed that T3 outperformed T2 regarding increasing leaf area index and aboveground biomass. Ear density and thousand kernel weight of winter wheat and hundred kernel weight of summer maize were ranked T1 < T2 < T3, with no significant differences between treatments for other grain yield components. Consequently, winter wheat, summer maize, and annual grain yields were the highest under T3, followed by T2 and T1. In comparision with T1, T2 and T3 increased annual total carbon inputs by 5463 and 7271 kg C ha^–1, respectively, due to increased carbon inputs from returned straw and net primary productivity. Annual carbon total outputs, primarily from aboveground biomass removal at harvest and carbon respiration, increased by 3305 kg C ha^–1 under T2 and 4264 kg C ha^–1 under T3, compared with T1. Balancing annual total carbon inputs and outputs, T1, T2, and T3 had annual NECB values of –1215, 944, and 1793 kg C ha^–1, respectively. Therefore, the T1 agroecosystem acted as a carbon source, whereas the T2 and T3 agroecosystems, particularly T3, acted as a carbon sink on an annual scale. These results suggest that ammoniated straw returning may be a superior straw application practice for increasing crop production and soil carbon sequestration simultaneously.

提高作物产量和土壤固碳对于可持续农业发展至关重要。秸秆还田是一种常见的农业做法，对粮食产量和土壤有机碳产生积极影响。然而，秸秆分解速度慢和碳氮比高是其有效性的重大障碍。使用尿素和氢氧化钙氨化秸秆可能是一种有前途的解决方案，但有关氨化秸秆还田对作物生产和土壤碳固存影响的信息有限。因此，在冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系中，进行了3​​种秸秆还田处理（T1，秸秆还田；T2，传统秸秆还田；T3，氨化秸秆还田）试验，探讨其对作物生长、粮食产量和产量的影响。产量组成部分、碳输入和输出以及净生态系统碳预算(NECB)。结果表明，T3 在增加叶面积指数和地上生物量方面优于 T2。冬小麦穗密度和千粒重、夏玉米百粒重排序为T1<T2<T3，其他产量指标处理间差异不显着。因此，冬小麦、夏玉米和粮食年产量在 T3 下最高，其次是 T2 和 T1。与T1相比，T2和T3由于秸秆还田和净初级生产力的碳投入增加，年碳投入总量分别增加了^{5463和7271 kg C ha –1 。}与T1相比，年碳总输出（主要来自收获时地上生物量去除和碳呼吸）在T2下增加了3305 kg C ha ^–1 ，在T3下增加了4264 kg C ha ^–1。平衡年度总碳输入和输出，T1、T2 和 T3 的年度 NECB 值分别为 –1215、944 和 1793 kg C ha ^–1 。因此，T1农业生态系统充当碳源，而T2和T3农业生态系统，特别是T3，在年度规模上充当碳汇。这些结果表明，氨化秸秆还田可能是同时提高作物产量和土壤固碳的一种优良秸秆应用实践。