The Barito, Pasir, and Tarakan Basins in Kalimantan Island is the most extensive coal-bearing sedimentary basin in Indonesia, mined since 1989. The coal is notable in having high sulfur coal content, exceeding >10% in some cases, contributed by the presence of pyrite. The latter issue contributed to interest in the coal, forming economic mineral deposits hosted by the sedimentary pyrite and organic matter. Novel findings of this research providing valuable information of trace element behavior during the diagenetic conditions. This paper documents the textural and compositional evolution of pyrite-organic matter of coals using coal petrographic, proximate, ultimate, total sulfur content, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), electron probe micro analyser (EPMA), and Raman spectroscopy. Coals from Kalimantan are mainly characterized by medium-high sulfur content (>3%) and the maximum temperatures reached by organic matter during diagenesis are 166 ± 10 °C for the Pasir Basin, 136 ± 11 °C for the Barito Basin, and 132 ± 12 °C for the Tarakan Basin. Pyrite is mainly found as large size framboids (mostly >5 μm), indicating formation in the sedimentary layer with dysoxic bottom water conditions during early–late diagenetic stages. The framboidal pyrite was preferably formed in detrovitrinite and gelovitrinite under topogenous mire conditions, due to the degradation of macerals and biochemical gelification, which provided the organic templates. High concentrations of trace elements (TEs) of framboidal pyrite, such as 1) Cu, Ni, and Co in the Pasir Basin and 2) As in the Barito Basin, likely reflect the local sedimentary provenance and underlying basement rocks. Pyrite texture evolved with increasing diagenetic temperatures from 1) framboidal pyrite, 2) recrystallized framboidal pyrite rims, and 3) anhedral, anhedral-euhedral pyrite transition, and euhedral massive pyrite. This study shows a similar average TE concentrations of various pyrite textures, suggesting that the TEs are not remobilized during the evolution of pyrite at the diagenetic stages.

加里曼丹岛的巴里托、巴西和打拉干盆地是印度尼西亚最广泛的含煤沉积盆地，自 1989 年开始开采。这些煤炭的特点是硫含量高，在某些情况下超过10%，这是由于存在黄铁矿。后一个问题引起了人们对煤炭的兴趣，形成了以沉积黄铁矿和有机质为主的经济矿藏这项研究的新发现提供了成岩条件下微量元素行为的宝贵信息。本文使用煤岩相、近似、最终、总硫含量、扫描电子显微镜-能量色散 X 射线光谱 (SEM-EDS)、电子探针显微分析仪 (EPMA)记录了煤中黄铁矿-有机质的结构和成分演化。和拉曼光谱。加里曼丹煤炭的主要特点是中高硫含量（>3%），成岩过程中有机质达到的最高温度，巴西盆地为166±10℃，巴里托盆地为136±11℃，132℃。塔拉干盆地 ± 12 °C。黄铁矿主要以大尺寸的莓状体（大多>5μm）形式存在，表明形成于早-晚成岩阶段底水缺氧条件的沉积层中。由于显微组分的降解和生化凝胶化提供了有机模板，在地形泥沼条件下，草莓状黄铁矿优选在底镜质体和胶镜质体中形成高浓度的草莓状黄铁矿微量元素 (TE)，例如 1) 巴西盆地的铜、镍和钴以及 2) 巴里托盆地的砷，可能反映了当地的沉积物源和下伏的基岩。黄铁矿结构随着成岩温度的升高从 1) 草莓状黄铁矿、2) 再结晶草莓状黄铁矿边缘和 3) 反面、反面-自形黄铁矿转变和自面体块状黄铁矿演变而来。这项研究显示了各种黄铁矿结构的相似的平均 TE 浓度，表明在成岩阶段黄铁矿的演化过程中 TE 没有重新流动。