Hyaluronan (HA) plays well-recognized mechanical and biological roles in articular cartilage and synovial fluid, where it contributes to tissue structure and lubrication. An understanding of how HA contributes to the structure of other musculoskeletal tissues, including muscle, bone, tendon, and intervertebral discs, is growing. In addition, the use of HA-based therapies to restore damaged tissue is becoming more prevalent. Nevertheless, the relationship between biomechanical stimuli and HA synthesis, degradation, and signaling in musculoskeletal tissues remains understudied, limiting the utility of HA in regenerative medicine. In this review, we discuss the various roles and significance of endogenous HA in musculoskeletal tissues. We use what is known and unknown to motivate new lines of inquiry into HA biology within musculoskeletal tissues and in the mechanobiology governing HA metabolism, by suggesting questions that remain regarding the relationship and interaction between biological and mechanical roles of HA in musculoskeletal health and disease.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Volume 26 is May 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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透明质酸的力学生物学：连接肌肉骨骼组织的生物力学和生物活性

透明质酸 (HA) 在关节软骨和滑液中发挥着众所周知的机械和生物学作用，有助于组织结构和润滑。人们越来越了解 HA 如何影响其他肌肉骨骼组织（包括肌肉、骨骼、肌腱和椎间盘）的结构。此外，使用基于透明质酸的疗法来恢复受损组织也变得越来越普遍。然而，生物力学刺激与肌肉骨骼组织中 HA 合成、降解和信号传导之间的关系仍未得到充分研究，限制了 HA 在再生医学中的应用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了内源性 HA 在肌肉骨骼组织中的各种作用和意义。我们利用已知和未知的知识，通过提出关于肌肉骨骼健康和疾病中 HA 的生物学和机械作用之间的关系和相互作用的问题，来激发对肌肉骨骼组织内 HA 生物学和控制 HA 代谢的机械生物学的新研究。 《生物医学工程年度评论》第 26 卷的预计最终在线发布日期为 2024 年 5 月。请参阅 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates 了解修订后的估计。