An effective HIV-1 vaccine is a global health priority but has remained elusive for more than 40 years. Key scientific hurdles that have hampered vaccine development are the unprecedented genetic variability of the virus, the rapid establishment of persistent viral latency, and the challenges associated with induction of broadly neutralising antibodies. Clinical trials have been instrumental in evaluating scientific concepts and testing vaccine strategies. This Review discusses lessons learned from clinical trials of HIV-1 vaccines, current technologies that are being explored, and future considerations in the development of a safe and effective HIV-1 vaccine.

中文翻译：

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预防性 HIV-1 疫苗试验：过去、现在和未来

有效的 HIV-1 疫苗是全球卫生优先事项，但 40 多年来一直难以实现。阻碍疫苗开发的关键科学障碍是病毒前所未有的遗传变异性、持续病毒潜伏期的快速建立，以及与诱导广泛中和抗体相关的挑战。临床试验有助于评估科学概念和测试疫苗策略。本综述讨论了从 HIV-1 疫苗临床试验中吸取的经验教训、当前正在探索的技术以及开发安全有效的 HIV-1 疫苗的未来考虑因素。