Fluoropolymers are a group of fluorinated polymers within the broad class of substances known as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). During their production, a wide array of additional fluorinated organic substances (many PFASs and some not defined as PFASs) are used, formed and emitted to air and water. This study aims to assess, and make an inventory of, all emissions of PFASs and other fluorinated organic substances by the fluoropolymer production industry in Europe using available emission databases and permits. Air emissions of the fluorinated gases (i.e., chlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons (CFCs, H(C)FCs and PFCs)) by this industry have reportedly decreased between 2007 and 2021 from roughly 500 to 150 tonnes per year. Emissions of fluorosurfactants to air and water have also been reduced significantly. However, large uncertainties remain regarding the emissions of substances that are neither fluorinated gases nor fluorosurfactants but are classified as PFASs, such as polymerization by-products, chain transfer agents and fluorinated solvents. The available data indicate that the release of these substances is not decreasing but remains relatively stable. As this inventory probably underestimates emissions, further research, improved data availability and more harmonized reporting of emissions are necessary to obtain more accurate emission data for these substances. Nevertheless, based on the available data, it is clear that the emissions from fluoropolymer production plants to air and water are still significant and that the production of fluoropolymers continues to introduce persistent substances to the environment.

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欧洲含氟聚合物生产行业的 PFAS 和其他氟化有机物质排放清单

含氟聚合物是一类氟化聚合物，属于全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 等大类物质。在其生产过程中，会使用、形成多种额外的氟化有机物质（许多 PFAS 和一些未定义为 PFAS）并排放到空气和水中。本研究旨在利用现有的排放数据库和许可证，对欧洲含氟聚合物生产行业的 PFAS 和其他氟化有机物质的所有排放进行评估并编制清单。据报道，2007 年至 2021 年间，该行业的氟化气体（即氯氟碳化合物、氢氟碳化合物、氢氯氟碳化合物和全氟化碳（CFC、H(C)FC 和 PFC））空气排放量已从每年约 500 吨减少到 150 吨。含氟表面活性剂向空气和水中的排放也显着减少。然而，对于既不是氟化气体也不是含氟表面活性剂但被归类为 PFAS 的物质（例如聚合副产物、链转移剂和氟化溶剂）的排放仍然存在很大的不确定性。现有数据表明，这些物质的释放量并未减少，而是保持相对稳定。由于该清单可能低估了排放量，因此需要进一步研究、改进数据可用性和更加统一的排放报告，以获得这些物质的更准确的排放数据。然而，根据现有数据，很明显，含氟聚合物生产工厂向空气和水中的排放量仍然很大，而且含氟聚合物的生产继续向环境中引入持久性物质。