The term prediabetes describes blood glucose levels above the normal range but below the threshold to diagnose type 2 diabetes. Several population health initiatives encourage a test and treat approach for prediabetes. In this approach, screening and identification of individuals with prediabetes should be followed by prompt referral to structured lifestyle modification programs or pharmacologic interventions that have been shown to prevent or delay the progression to type 2 diabetes in clinical trials. Here we provide a critical review of evidence for this test and treat approach by examining health outcomes associated with prediabetes and the availability and effectiveness of lifestyle modification approaches that target prediabetes. We also describe current limitations to the reach and uptake of evidence-based treatment options for prediabetes. Finally, we highlight lessons learned from identifying and labeling other preconditions to consider challenges and opportunities that may arise with increasing awareness of prediabetes as part of routine preventive care.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 45 is April 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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糖尿病前期的测试和治疗：糖尿病前期对健康的影响以及筛查和预防作用的回顾

术语“糖尿病前期”是指血糖水平高于正常范围但低于诊断 2 型糖尿病的阈值。一些人口健康倡议鼓励对糖尿病前期进行检测和治疗。在这种方法中，筛查和识别糖尿病前期患者后，应立即转介结构化的生活方式改变计划或药物干预措施，这些计划或药物干预措施已在临床试验中证明可以预防或延缓进展为 2 型糖尿病。在这里，我们通过检查与糖尿病前期相关的健康结果以及针对糖尿病前期的生活方式改变方法的可用性和有效性，对这种测试和治疗方法的证据进行了严格的审查。我们还描述了目前糖尿病前期循证治疗方案的覆盖范围和采用的局限性。最后，我们强调从识别和标记其他先决条件中吸取的经验教训，以考虑随着对糖尿病前期的认识不断提高而可能出现的挑战和机遇，作为常规预防保健的一部分。《公共卫生年度回顾》第 45 卷的预计最终在线发布日期为 2024 年 4 月请参阅 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates 了解修订后的估计。