This paper contributes to the literature on the determinants of the expansion of mass schooling and the long-term legacy of educational institutions. Based on a new provincial-level dataset for Italy in the period 1861–1911, we argue that different models of schooling provision adopted by the different pre-unification polities influenced primary-education organizations across macro-regions up to WWI. As a result, school access and the capability to generate literacy given current rates of enrollment differed substantially, with the Northern regions aiming to increase schooling for all, while the Center and the South implemented a more elitist model.

中文翻译：

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教育何去何从？统一前学校系统对意大利自由时代（1861-1911）的长期影响

本文为有关大众学校教育扩张的决定因素和教育机构的长期遗产的文献做出了贡献。根据意大利 1861 年至 1911 年期间新的省级数据集，我们认为统一前不同政体采用的不同教育提供模式影响了整个宏观区域的初等教育组织，直至第一次世界大战。因此，就目前的入学率而言，入学机会和识字能力存在很大差异，北部地区的目标是提高所有人的入学率，而中部和南部地区则实施更为精英化的模式。