In chemistry, a catalyst is a substance which enables a chemical reaction or increases its rate, while remaining unchanged in the process. Instead of chemical reactions, quantum catalysis enhances our ability to convert quantum states into each other under physical constraints. The nature of the constraints depends on the problem under study and can arise, e.g. from energy preservation. This article reviews the most recent developments in quantum catalysis and gives a historical overview of this research direction. We focus on the catalysis of quantum entanglement and coherence, and also discuss this phenomenon in quantum thermodynamics and general quantum resource theories. We review applications of quantum catalysis and also discuss the recent efforts on universal catalysis, where the quantum state of the catalyst does not depend on the states to be transformed. Catalytic embezzling is also considered, a phenomenon that occurs if the catalyst’s state can change in the transition.

中文翻译：

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纠缠和其他量子资源的催化


在化学中，催化剂是一种能够实现化学反应或提高其速率，同时在过程中保持不变的物质。量子催化不是化学反应，而是增强了我们在物理约束下将量子态相互转换的能力。约束的性质取决于所研究的问题并且可能会出现，例如来自能量保存。本文回顾了量子催化的最新进展，并对该研究方向进行了历史概述。我们重点关注量子纠缠和相干性的催化，并在量子热力学和一般量子资源理论中讨论这一现象。我们回顾了量子催化的应用，并讨论了最近在通用催化方面的努力，其中催化剂的量子态不依赖于要转变的状态。催化盗用也被考虑在内，如果催化剂的状态在转变过程中发生变化，就会发生这种现象。