In recent decades of spaceflight, inadequate caloric intake has posed significant nutritional challenges, contributing to muscle degradation, weakened immune and cardiovascular systems during and after space missions. This challenge becomes more acute on longer exploration missions, where transporting all food for the entire mission becomes a logistical challenge. This places immense pressure on the food system, requiring energy-dense, varied, stable, and palatable food options. Prolonged storage can lead to nutrient degradation, reducing their bioavailability and bioaccessibility to astronauts. Research is essential not only to improve the quality and stability of space food but also to enhance nutrient bioavailability, thereby reducing weight and volume of food. Muscle and bone loss represent major risks during extended spaceflight, prompting extensive efforts to find exercise countermeasures. However, increased exercise requires additional energy intake, and finding the optimal balance between energy needs and the preservation of muscle and bone mass is challenging. Currently, there is no reliable way to measure total energy expenditure and activity-related energy expenditures in real-time. Systematic research is necessary to develop onboard technology for accurate energy expenditure and body composition monitoring. This research should aim to establish an optimal exercise regimen that balances energy requirements while maintaining astronaut strength and minimizing food transport. In summary, this overview outlines key actions needed for future exploration missions to maintain body mass and physical strength of space travellers. It addresses the requirements for food processing and preservation, considerations for space food formulation and production, and the essential measures to be implemented.

在近几十年的太空飞行中，热量摄入不足带来了重大的营养挑战，导致太空任务期间和之后的肌肉退化、免疫和心血管系统减弱。在较长的探索任务中，这一挑战变得更加严峻，在整个任务中运输所有食物成为后勤挑战。这给食品系统带来了巨大的压力，需要能量密集、多样化、稳定和美味的食物选择。长时间储存​​会导致营养物质降解，降低其生物利用度和宇航员的生物可及性。研究不仅对于提高太空食品的质量和稳定性至关重要，而且对于提高营养物质的生物利用度，从而减轻食品的重量和体积也至关重要。肌肉和骨质流失是长时间太空飞行期间的主要风险，促使人们努力寻找锻炼对策。然而，增加运动需要额外的能量摄入，在能量需求与肌肉和骨量的保存之间找到最佳平衡是具有挑战性的。目前，还没有可靠的方法来实时测量总能量消耗和与活动相关的能量消耗。需要系统研究来开发用于精确能量消耗和身体成分监测的机载技术。这项研究的目标是建立一个最佳的锻炼方案，平衡能量需求，同时保持宇航员的体力并尽量减少食物运输。总之，本概述概述了未来探索任务所需采取的关键行动，以维持太空旅行者的体重和体力。 它阐述了食品加工和保存的要求、太空食品配制和生产的考虑因素以及要实施的基本措施。