Along the Italian coasts, toxins of algal origin in wild and cultivated shellfish have been reported since the 1970s. In this study, we used data gathered by the Veterinary Public Health Institutes (IZS) and the Italian Environmental Health Protection Agencies (ARPA) from 2006 to 2019 to investigate toxicity events along the Italian coasts and relate them to the distribution of potentially toxic species. Among the detected toxins (OA and analogs, YTXs, PTXs, STXs, DAs, AZAs), OA and YTX were those most frequently reported. Levels exceeding regulatory limits in the case of OA (≤2,448 μg equivalent kg⁻¹) were associated with high abundances of Dinophysis spp., and in the case of YTXs (≤22 mg equivalent kg⁻¹) with blooms of Gonyaulax spinifera, Lingulodinium polyedra, and Protoceratium reticulatum. Seasonal blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. occur all along the Italian coast, but DA has only occasionally been detected in shellfish at concentrations always below the regulatory limit (≤18 mg kg⁻¹). Alexandrium spp. were recorded in several areas, although STXs (≤13,782 µg equivalent kg⁻¹) rarely and only in few sites exceeded the regulatory limit in shellfish. Azadinium spp. have been sporadically recorded, and AZAs have been sometimes detected but always in low concentrations (≤7 µg equivalent kg⁻¹). Among the emerging toxins, PLTX-like toxins (≤971 μg kg⁻¹ OVTX-a) have often been detected mainly in wild mussels and sea urchins from rocky shores due to the presence of Ostreopsis cf. ovata. Overall, Italian coastal waters harbour a high number of potentially toxic species, with a few HAB hotspots mainly related to DSP toxins. Nevertheless, rare cases of intoxications have occurred so far, reflecting the whole Mediterranean Sea conditions.

自 20 世纪 70 年代以来，意大利海岸就有野生和养殖贝类中藻类毒素的报道。在这项研究中，我们使用兽医公共卫生研究所 (IZS) 和意大利环境卫生保护机构 (ARPA) 2006 年至 2019 年收集的数据来调查意大利沿海的毒性事件，并将其与潜在有毒物种的分布联系起来。在检测到的毒素（OA 和类似物、YTX、PTX、STX、DA、AZA）中，OA 和 YTX 是最常报告的毒素。^{OA（≤2,448 μg 当量 kg -1} ）的水平超过监管限值与Dinophys spp . 的高丰度有关，而 YTX（≤22 mg 当量 kg ^-1）的情况则与膝沟藻（Gonyaulax spinifera）、舌藻（Lingulodinium）的开花有关。多角藻（polyedra）和网状原角藻（Protoceratium reticulatum）。伪菱形藻的季节性开花。意大利沿岸都有这种现象，但仅偶尔在贝类中检测到 DA，其浓度始终低于监管限值（≤18 mg kg ^-1）。亚历山大藻属 ^{尽管 STX（≤13,782 µg 当量 kg -1}）很少且仅在少数地点超过了贝类的监管限量，但在多个地区都有记录。氮杂氮属 偶有记录，有时也检测到氮杂氮化合物，但浓度始终较低（≤7 µg 当量 kg ⁻¹）。在新出现的毒素中，由于Ostreopsis cf.的存在，PLTX类毒素（≤971 μg kg ^{-1 OVTX-a）经常主要在岩石海岸的野生贻贝和海胆中检测到。}卵形。总体而言，意大利沿海水域蕴藏着大量潜在有毒物种，其中一些HAB热点主要与DSP毒素有关。尽管如此，迄今为止还是发生了罕见的中毒病例，反映了整个地中海的情况。