Background

Few epidemiologic studies have focused on the specific source of ambient air pollution and adverse health effects in early life. Here, we investigated whether air pollutants from different emission sources were associated with decreased birth anthropometry parameters and increased DNA adduct formation in mother-child pairs residing in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA).

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 190 pregnant women recruited during their last trimester of pregnancy from two hospitals at MCMA, and a Modeling Emissions Inventory (MEI) to calculate exposure to ambient air pollutants from different emissions sources (area, point, mobile, and natural) for two geographical buffers 250 and 750 m radii around the participants households.

Results

Contaminants were positively correlated with umbilical cord blood (UCB) adducts, but not with maternal blood (MB) adducts. PM10 emissions (area and point sources, overall emissions), PM2.5 (point sources), volatile organic compounds (VOC), total organic compounds (TOC) from point sources were positively correlated with UCB adducts. Air pollutants emitted from natural sources were correlated with a decrease in MB and UCB adducts. PM10 and PM2.5 were correlated (p < 0.05) with a decrease in birth weight (BW), birth length (BL) and gestational age at term (GA). In multivariate analyses adjusted for potential confounders, PM10 was associated with an increase in UCB adducts. PM10 and PM2.5 from overall emissions were associated with a decrease in BW, BL and GA at term.

Impact

• Results suggested higher susceptibility of newborns compared to mothers to damage related to ambient air pollution. PMs are associated with birth anthropometry parameters and DNA damage in adjusted models, highlighting the need for more strict regulation of PM emissions.

中文翻译：

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墨西哥城空气污染对新生儿宫内生长和脐带血DNA损伤影响的地理方法分析

 背景

很少有流行病学研究关注环境空气污染的具体来源和生命早期的不良健康影响。在这里，我们调查了来自不同排放源的空气污染物是否与居住在墨西哥城都会区 (MCMA) 的母子对的出生人体测量参数降低和 DNA 加合物形成增加有关。

 方法

这项横断面研究纳入了 MCMA 两家医院在妊娠最后三个月期间招募的 190 名孕妇，并建立了模拟排放清单 (MEI)，以计算不同排放源（区域、点、移动和自然排放源）的环境空气污染物暴露量。 ）对于参与者家庭周围半径为 250 米和 750 米的两个地理缓冲区。

 结果

污染物与脐带血（UCB）加合物呈正相关，但与母血（MB）加合物不呈正相关。点源PM10排放量（面源和点源、总体排放量）、PM2.5（点源）、挥发性有机化合物（VOC）、总有机化合物（TOC）与UCB加合物呈正相关。自然资源排放的空气污染物与 MB 和 UCB 加合物的减少相关。 PM10 和 PM2.5 与出生体重 (BW)、出生身长 (BL) 和足月孕龄 (GA) 的下降相关 (p < 0.05)。在针对潜在混杂因素进行调整的多变量分析中，PM10 与 UCB 加合物的增加相关。总排放中的 PM10 和 PM2.5 与足月 BW、BL 和 GA 的减少有关。

 影响

• 
  结果表明，与母亲相比，新生儿更容易受到环境空气污染造成的损害。在调整后的模型中，PM 与出生人体测量参数和 DNA 损伤相关，这凸显了对 PM 排放进行更严格监管的必要性。