Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammatory synovitis, eventually leading to joint destruction. Remarkable advancements in the emergence of molecular targeted therapies and the treatment strategy based on treat-to-target have made it possible for patients to lead their daily lives without disabilities. Specifically, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment without missing a ‘window of opportunity’ are crucial for improving joint outcomes. On the other hand, interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an extra-articular complication of RA and has an impact on life prognosis. Importantly, it has become evident that achieving remission of arthritis is critical not only for joint outcomes but also to prevent the irreversible progression of pulmonary fibrosis in RA-ILD. Therefore, a ‘window of opportunity’ may exist not only for joints but also for RA-ILD. However, within RA-ILD, there are cases that progress from an NSIP pattern or airway involvement to a UIP pattern, while there are cases without progression, suggesting that their disease behavior may be diverse. Thus, accumulating evidence is necessary to accurately determine the disease behavior of RA-ILD. This review provides an overview of clinical and radiological features and treatment strategies for RA-ILD, incorporating the latest findings.

中文翻译：

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类风湿性关节炎相关间质性肺病是否存在机会之窗？

类风湿性关节炎（RA）是一种自身免疫性疾病，其特征是慢性炎症性滑膜炎，最终导致关节破坏。分子靶向治疗和基于靶向治疗的治疗策略的出现取得了显着进步，使患者能够无残疾地过上日常生活。具体来说，早期诊断和适当的治疗而不错过“机会之窗”对于改善关节结果至关重要。另一方面，间质性肺疾病（ILD）是RA的关节外并发症，对生活预后有影响。重要的是，很明显，实现关节炎缓解不仅对于关节结果至关重要，而且对于预防 RA-ILD 肺纤维化的不可逆转进展也至关重要。因此，不仅关节可能存在“机会之窗”，RA-ILD 也可能存在“机会之窗”。然而，在 RA-ILD 中，有些病例从 NSIP 模式或气道受累进展为 UIP 模式，而有些病例则没有进展，这表明他们的疾病行为可能是多种多样的。因此，需要积累证据来准确确定 RA-ILD 的疾病行为。本综述结合最新研究结果，概述了 RA-ILD 的临床和放射学特征以及治疗策略。