Newborns, whether born prematurely or at term, have a fully formed but naive immune system that must adapt to the extra-uterine environment to prevent infections. Maternal immunity, transmitted through the placenta and breast milk, protects newborns against infections, primarily via immunoglobulins (IgG and IgA) and certain maternal immune cells also known as microchimeric cells.

Recently, it also appeared that the maternal gut microbiota played a vital role in neonatal immune maturation via microbial compounds impacting immune development and the establishment of immune tolerance.

In this context, maternal vaccination is a powerful tool to enhance even more maternal and neonatal health. It involves the transfer of vaccine-induced antibodies to protect both mother and child from infectious diseases.

In this work we review the state of the art on maternal immune factors involved in the prevention of neonatal bacterial infections, with particular emphasis on the role of maternal vaccination in protecting neonates against bacterial disease.

新生儿，无论是早产还是足月出生，都具有完全形成但幼稚的免疫系统，必须适应子宫外环境以防止感染。母体免疫力通过胎盘和母乳传播，主要通过免疫球蛋白（IgG 和 IgA）和某些母体免疫细胞（也称为微嵌合细胞）保护新生儿免受感染。

最近还发现，母体肠道微生物群通过影响免疫发育和建立的微生物化合物，在新生儿免疫成熟中发挥着至关重要的作用免疫耐受。

在这种情况下，孕产妇疫苗接种是增强孕产妇和新生儿健康的有力工具。它涉及疫苗诱导抗体的转移，以保护母亲和儿童免受传染病的侵害。

在这项工作中，我们回顾了涉及预防新生儿细菌感染的母体免疫因素的最新技术，特别强调母体疫苗接种在保护新生儿免受细菌性疾病方面的作用。