In general, the sustainability of the water supply system is indicative of an adaptive operational approach, wherein the decision-maker adjusts the system's performance based on the availability of water resources in a given time frame. In light of this, a novel framework is proposed in this study to evaluate sustainability, including three key indicators: resilience, reliability, and vulnerability. To address stressors that may lead to system failure, a multisectoral water allocation optimization is undertaken. In order to account for the future implications of climate change on the hydrological cycle, a simulation step, is incorporated, utilizing the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) under various emission scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), prior to integrating the streamflow data into our proposed optimal framework. To calibrate and validate historical data (2014-2019) and simulate future streamflow patterns (2025-2085), the Sistan Basin, located in an arid region of Iran, is analyzed as a case study. In light of the anticipated adverse impacts on the water supply system, certain adaptation measures, such as demand shrinkage scenarios, are considered to further appraise the proposed framework. Based on the final output, it is evident that the agricultural and industrial sectors, being the primary water consumers, are more susceptible to negative impacts resulting from the reduction in system sustainability. This susceptibility is primarily attributed to their highest vulnerability and comparatively lower reliability.

中文翻译：

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提高供水系统水文响应可持续性的新目标。

一般来说，供水系统的可持续性表明了一种适应性操作方法，其中决策者根据给定时间范围内水资源的可用性来调整系统的性能。鉴于此，本研究提出了一个新的框架来评估可持续性，包括三个关键指标：弹性、可靠性和脆弱性。为了解决可能导致系统故障的压力因素，进行了多部门水分配优化。为了解释气候变化对水文循环的未来影响，在整合之前，利用各种排放情景（RCP4.5和RCP8.5）下的土壤和水评估工具（SWAT），纳入了模拟步骤将流数据放入我们提出的最佳框架中。为了校准和验证历史数据（2014-2019）并模拟未来的水流模式（2025-2085），以位于伊朗干旱地区的锡斯坦盆地为案例研究。鉴于预期对供水系统的不利影响，考虑采取某些适应措施，例如需求收缩情景，以进一步评估拟议的框架。根据最终产出，很明显，农业和工业部门作为主要的用水部门，更容易受到系统可持续性下降带来的负面影响。这种敏感性主要归因于其最高的脆弱性和相对较低的可靠性。