Importance Within gun violence research, the types of firearms involved in US school shootings and the origins of these weapons have not been well explored. Objective To examine the type, make, and power of firearms involved in school-related gun violence as well as the sources and methods through which adolescents obtained these weapons. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used descriptive statistics and logistic regression to analyze 253 school shootings executed by 262 adolescents (aged ≤19 years) in the US from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2016, and to calculate adjusted estimates for missing cases. The data were sourced from The American School Shooting Study (TASSS), which compiles information about these shooting events from open-source materials. Data analysis was performed from June 23, 2023, to July 20, 2023. Exposures Firearm type, make, and power. Main Outcomes and Measures The firearm type refers to whether a weapon was a handgun, rifle, or shotgun. The firearm's make differentiates semiautomatic or fully automatic guns from other action mechanisms. The firearm's power refers to the caliber and velocity, distinguished as small, moderate, or higher power. The acquisition source captures from whom the firearm was received. The obtainment method refers to how the shooter obtained the firearm. Estimates were adjusted by total number of documents and TASSS reliability score as well as neighborhood demographic, socioeconomic, and land use variables measured at the census tract level, and were weighted to account for item nonresponse. Results A total of 262 adolescents (mean [SD] age, 16.2 [1.9] years; 256 [97.8%] male) were studied. In the adjusted analyses, handguns were the most used weapon in school shootings (85.5%; 95% CI, 80.6%-89.4%). Firearms were predominantly lower (37.0%; 95% CI, 29.9%-44.7%) or moderate (39.7%; 95% CI, 32.0%-47.8%) in power. Adolescents mainly obtained their guns from relatives (41.8%; 95% CI, 31.7%-52.6%), friends or acquaintances (22.0%; 95% CI, 13.2%-34.5%), the illegal market (29.6%; 95% CI, 19.3%-42.5%), strangers or persons who were shot (4.7%; 95% CI, 1.8%-11.6%), or licensed dealers (1.9%; 95% CI, 0.7%-5.2%). Most firearms were procured via theft from relatives (82.1%; 95% CI, 69.4%-90.3%). Conclusions and Relevance Despite the more frequent use of lower to moderately powered firearms in school shootings, this study's results indicated stability in the use of high-powered weapons in adolescent school shootings throughout the research timeframe. A majority of the firearms were procured from the perpetrator's family or relatives or from friends or acquaintances. These findings may significantly influence discussions around gun control policy, particularly in advocating for secure firearm storage to reduce adolescents' access to weapons.

中文翻译：

---

青少年校园枪击事件中使用的枪支的特点和获取方法。


重要性 在枪支暴力研究中，美国校园枪击事件中涉及的枪支类型以及这些武器的起源尚未得到充分探讨。目的 了解校园枪支暴力中涉及的枪支类型、制造商和威力，以及青少年获得这些武器的来源和方法。设计、背景和参与者这项横断面研究使用描述性统计和逻辑回归分析了 1990 年 1 月 1 日至 2016 年 12 月 31 日期间美国 262 名青少年（年龄≤19 岁）实施的 253 起校园枪击事件，并计算对失踪案件的调整估计。这些数据来自美国学校枪击研究（TASSS），该研究从开源材料中汇编了有关这些枪击事件的信息。数据分析于 2023 年 6 月 23 日至 2023 年 7 月 20 日期间进行。暴露枪支类型、品牌和功率。主要成果和措施 枪械类型是指武器是手枪、步枪还是霰弹枪。枪支的品牌将半自动或全自动枪支与其他动作机制区分开来。枪械的威力是指口径和射速，分为小威力、中威力和高威力。获取源捕获枪支的接收者。获得方式是指射击者如何获得枪支。根据文件总数和 TASSS 可靠性评分以及在人口普查区水平测量的社区人口、社会经济和土地利用变量对估计值进行调整，并进行加权以考虑项目不答复的情况。结果 共有 262 名青少年（平均 [SD] 年龄，16.2 [1.9] 岁；256 名 [97.8%] 为男性）接受研究。在调整后的分析中，手枪是校园枪击事件中最常用的武器（85.5%；95% CI，80.6%-89.4%）。枪支威力主要较低（37.0%；95% CI，29.9%-44.7%）或中等（39.7%；95% CI，32.0%-47.8%）。青少年主要从亲戚（41.8%；95% CI，31.7%-52.6%）、朋友或熟人（22.0%；95% CI，13.2%-34.5%）、非法市场（29.6%；95% CI）获得枪支，19.3%-42.5%）、陌生人或被枪击的人（4.7%；95% CI，1.8%-11.6%）或持牌经销商（1.9%；95% CI，0.7%-5.2%）。大多数枪支是通过从亲戚那里偷窃获得的（82.1%；95% CI，69.4%-90.3%）。结论和相关性 尽管在校园枪击事件中更频繁地使用低威力到中等威力的枪支，但本研究的结果表明，在整个研究期间，青少年校园枪击事件中大威力武器的使用保持稳定。大部分枪支是从犯罪者的家人或亲戚、朋友或熟人那里购买的。这些发现可能会极大地影响围绕枪支管制政策的讨论，特别是在倡导安全枪支储存以减少青少年获得武器方面。