Background

One mechanism by which exercise interventions may be effective in reducing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk is through changes in lower limb biomechanics. Understanding how training programmes affect lower-limb kinematics and kinetics may help refine injury prevention programmes.

Objective

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of injury prevention programmes on kinematics and kinetics during tasks related to ACL injury in female team field and court sports.

Data Sources

Five databases were searched in October 2022.

Eligibility Criteria

Randomised controlled trials assessing the effect of injury prevention programmes compared with usual training/no training on lower limb kinematics and kinetics in female team field and court sports were eligible for review.

Results

Sixteen studies were included. A total of 976 female athletes were included. Most of the studies included interventions with multiple components (12/16). Commonly used components were plyometrics (12/16), strength (8/16), and balance/stability (7/16). Thirteen studies had routine training or sham interventions as the control group and three studies had no training. Very low certainty evidence suggests that injury prevention programmes increase knee flexion angles (mean difference = 3.1° [95% confidence interval 0.8–5.5]); however, very low to low certainty evidence suggests no effect on hip flexion angles/moments, knee flexion moments, hip adduction angles/moments, knee adduction angles/moments, hip internal rotation angles/moments, ankle dorsiflexion angles, and ground reaction forces, compared with usual training/no training.

Conclusion

Injury prevention programmes may be effective in increasing knee flexion angles during dynamic landing and cutting tasks but may have no effect on other lower limb biomechanical variables. As such, the benefits of injury prevention programmes may be mediated by factors other than altered biomechanics and/or may happen through other biomechanical measures not included in this review.

中文翻译：

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伤害预防计划未能改变女子团体田径和法庭运动中大多数下肢运动学和动力学：随机对照试验的系统回顾和荟萃分析

背景

运动干预可能有效降低前十字韧带 (ACL) 损伤风险的一种机制是通过改变下肢生物力学。了解训练计划如何影响下肢运动学和动力学可能有助于完善损伤预防计划。

客观的

本系统回顾和荟萃分析的目的是评估在女队田野和法庭运动中与 ACL 损伤相关的任务中损伤预防计划对运动学和动力学的影响。

数据源

2022 年 10 月检索了五个数据库。

资格标准

评估伤害预防计划与常规训练/不训练相比对女队田野和法庭运动中下肢运动学和动力学效果的随机对照试验符合审查资格。

结果

包括十六项研究。共有976名女运动员入选。大多数研究包括多种干预措施 (12/16)。常用的组成部分是增强式训练 (12/16)、力量 (8/16) 和平衡/稳定性 (7/16)。十三项研究作为对照组进行了常规训练或假干预，三项研究没有进行训练。极低质量证据表明损伤预防计划会增加膝关节屈曲角度（平均差 = 3.1° [95% 置信区间 0.8–5.5]）；然而，极低到低确定性的证据表明对髋部屈曲角度/力矩、膝关节屈曲力矩、髋部内收角度/力矩、膝内收角度/力矩、髋部内旋角度/力矩、踝关节背屈角度和地面反作用力没有影响，与平时训练/未训练相比。

结论

损伤预防计划可能有效地增加动态着陆和切割任务期间的膝关节屈曲角度，但可能对其他下肢生物力学变量没有影响。因此，伤害预防计划的好处可能是由生物力学改变以外的因素介导的，和/或可能通过本综述中未包括的其他生物力学措施来实现。