OBJECTIVES To compare differences in short term morbidities and early growth among moderate and late preterm infants of mothers with and without diabetes (DM) in pregnancy. METHODS In a longitudinal analysis using data from the Pediatrix Clinical Data Warehouse of preterm infants (born 32 0/7 to 36 6/7 weeks) discharged from neonatal intensive care units from 2008 to 2019, health characteristics were compared between DM exposure groups. Change in growth from birth to discharge were compared using linear mixed effects modeling. RESULTS Among 301 499 moderate and late preterm infants in the analysis, 14% (N = 42 519) were exposed to DM in pregnancy. Incidence of congenital anomalies, hypoglycemia, and hyperbilirubinemia were higher in DM-group (P < .001), and DM-group was more likely to need respiratory support in the first postnatal days (P = .02). Percent weight change from birth differed by gestational age, such that 36-week DM-group infants remained on average 2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.57 to 2.41) below birth weight on day 14, whereas 32-week DM-group infants were on average 2.1% (95% CI: 1.69 to 2.51) above birth weight on day 14. In the regression analysis, DM-group had faster weight loss in the first postnatal week when stratified by gestational age. The adjusted difference in weight velocity (g per day) from days 0 to 3 was -4.5 (95% CI: -5.1 to -3.9), -6.5 (95% CI: -7.4 to -5.7), and -7.2 (95% CI: -8.2 to -6.2) for infants born 34-, 35-, and 36-weeks, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In moderate or late preterm infants, diabetes in pregnancy is associated with common neonatal morbidities. Examination of intensive care nutritional practices may identify reasons for observed differences in weight trajectories by gestational age and diabetes exposure.

中文翻译：

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妊娠期糖尿病、新生儿发病率以及中晚期早产儿的早期生长。

目的 比较妊娠期患有和不患有糖尿病 (DM) 的母亲所生的中晚期早产儿的短期发病率和早期生长的差异。方法 使用 Pediatrix 临床数据仓库对 2008 年至 2019 年从新生儿重症监护病房出院的早产儿（出生于 32 0/7 至 36 6/7 周）的数据进行纵向分析，比较 DM 暴露组之间的健康特征。使用线性混合效应模型比较从出生到出院的生长变化。结果 在分析的 301 499 名中晚期早产儿中，14%（N = 42 519）在妊娠期间接触过 DM。DM 组先天性异常、低血糖和高胆红素血症的发生率较高 (P < .001)，并且 DM 组更有可能在出生后最初几天需要呼吸支持 (P = .02)。出生后体重变化百分比因胎龄而异，因此 36 周 DM 组婴儿在第 14 天时平均仍低于出生体重 2%（95% 置信区间 [CI]：1.57 至 2.41），而 32 周 DM 组婴儿在第 14 天，该组婴儿的体重平均比出生体重高 2.1%（95% CI：1.69 至 2.51）。在回归分析中，按胎龄分层时，DM 组在产后第一周体重减轻较快。第 0 天至第 3 天的重量速度（克/天）调整后差异为 -4.5（95% CI：-5.1 至 -3.9）、-6.5（95% CI：-7.4 至 -5.7）和 -7.2（95对于出生 34 周、35 周和 36 周的婴儿，% CI：-8.2 至 -6.2）。结论 在中度或晚期早产儿中，妊娠期糖尿病与常见的新生儿发病相关。对重症监护营养实践的检查可以确定因胎龄和糖尿病暴露而观察到的体重轨迹差异的原因。