Systemic metabolic signatures of oral diseases have been rarely investigated, and prospective studies do not exist. We analyzed whether signs of current or past infectious/inflammatory oral diseases are associated with circulating metabolites. Two study populations were included: the population-based Health-2000 (n = 6,229) and Parogene (n = 452), a cohort of patients with an indication to coronary angiography. Health-2000 participants (n = 4,116) provided follow-up serum samples 11 y after the baseline. Serum concentrations of 157 metabolites were determined with a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based method. The associations between oral parameters and metabolite concentrations were analyzed using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, number of teeth, smoking, presence of diabetes, and education (in Health-2000 only). The number of decayed teeth presented positive associations with low-density lipoprotein diameter and the concentrations of pyruvate and citrate. Negative associations were found between caries and the unsaturation degree of fatty acids (FA) and relative proportions of docosahexaenoic and omega-3 FAs. The number of root canal fillings was positively associated with very low-density lipoprotein parameters, such as diameter, cholesterol, triglycerides, and number of particles. Deepened periodontal pockets were positively associated with concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, pyruvate, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, and glycoprotein acetyls and negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) diameter, FA unsaturation degree, and relative proportions of omega-6 and polyunsaturated FAs. Bleeding on probing (BOP) was associated with increased concentrations of triglycerides and glycoprotein acetyls, as well as decreased proportions of omega-3 and omega-6 FAs. Caries at baseline predicted alterations in apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins and HDL-related metabolites in the follow-up, and both caries and BOP were associated with changes in HDL-related metabolites and omega-3 FAs in the follow-up. Signs of current or past infectious/inflammatory oral diseases, especially periodontitis, were associated with metabolic profiles typical for inflammation. Oral diseases may represent a modifiable risk factor for systemic chronic inflammation and thus cardiometabolic disorders.

中文翻译：

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口腔疾病的全身代谢特征。

口腔疾病的全身代谢特征很少被研究，也不存在前瞻性研究。我们分析了当前或过去的感染/炎症性口腔疾病的迹象是否与循环代谢物相关。包括两个研究人群：基于人群的 Health-2000 (n = 6,229) 和 Parogene (n = 452)，这是一组有冠状动脉造影指征的患者。Health-2000 名参与者 (n = 4,116) 在基线后 11 年提供了随访血清样本。采用基于核磁共振波谱的方法测定了 157 种代谢物的血清浓度。使用针对年龄、性别、牙齿数量、吸烟、糖尿病和教育程度（仅在 Health-2000 中）进行调整的线性回归模型来分析口腔参数和代谢物浓度之间的关联。腐烂牙齿的数量与低密度脂蛋白直径以及丙酮酸盐和柠檬酸盐的浓度呈正相关。研究发现，龋齿与脂肪酸 (FA) 的不饱和度以及二十二碳六烯酸和 omega-3 FA 的相对比例之间存在负相关关系。根管充填物的数量与极低密度脂蛋白参数呈正相关，例如直径、胆固醇、甘油三酯和颗粒数量。加深的牙周袋与胆固醇、甘油三酯、丙酮酸、亮氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸和糖蛋白乙酰基的浓度呈正相关，与高密度脂蛋白 (HDL) 直径、FA 不饱和度以及 omega-6 和多不饱和脂肪酸的相对比例呈负相关FA。探诊出血 (BOP) 与甘油三酯和糖蛋白乙酰基浓度增加以及 omega-3 和 omega-6 FA 比例下降有关。基线时的龋齿预测了随访中含载脂蛋白 B 的脂蛋白和 HDL 相关代谢物的变化，并且龋齿和 BOP 都与随访中 HDL 相关代谢物和 omega-3 FA 的变化相关。当前或过去的感染/炎症性口腔疾病（尤其是牙周炎）的迹象与炎症的典型代谢特征相关。口腔疾病可能是全身慢性炎症和心脏代谢紊乱的一个可改变的危险因素。