Vishkin (2022) shows that female participation in chess is lower in more gender equal countries (the "gender-equality paradox") but that this relation is driven by the mean age of the players in a country, which makes it more of an epiphenomenon than a real paradox. Relying on the same data on competitive chess players (N = 768,480 from 91 countries) as well as on data on 15-year-old students (N = 312,571 from 64 countries), we show that the gender-equality paradox for chess holds among young players. The paradox also remains on the whole population of chess players when controlling for the age of the players at the individual rather than at the country level or when controlling for age differences across countries. Therefore, there is a gender-equality paradox in chess that is not entirely driven by a generational shift mechanism as argued by Vishkin (2022), and previous explanations for the paradox cannot be dismissed.

中文翻译：

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国际象棋中年轻棋手中存在的性别平等悖论：对 Vishkin (2022) 研究的评论。

Vishkin（2022）表明，在性别更加平等的国家，女性参与国际象棋的比例较低（“性别平等悖论”），但这种关系是由一个国家棋手的平均年龄驱动的，这使其更像是一种附带现象而不是真正的悖论。依靠相同的国际象棋棋手数据（N = 768,480，来自 91 个国家）以及 15 岁学生的数据（N = 312,571，来自 64 个国家），我们发现国际象棋的性别平等悖论在年轻球员。当控制棋手个人的年龄而不是国家层面或控制国家之间的年龄差异时，这个悖论也仍然存在于整个国际象棋棋手群体中。因此，国际象棋中存在的性别平等悖论并不完全是由维什金（Vishkin，2022）提出的代际更替机制驱动的，而且之前对该悖论的解释也不能被忽视。