Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae family), also known as "alecrim," is a perennial herb, typical of the Mediterranean region and widely distributed in Brazilian territory. Despite having demonstrated several properties of human interest, insecticide/larvicidal effect of essential oil from R. officinalis on insects remains unclear. In this study, we tested the effects of R. officinalis essential oil on biomarkers of oxidative damage in Drosophila melanogaster. Exposure to R. officinalis essential oil increased adult mortality and decreased geotaxis behavior in adult fruit flies. In addition, essential oil increased of larval mortality and impaired the developmental success in D. melanogaster. R. officinalis essential oil showed a significant repellent effect, with duration time of about 6 h. To understand the mechanism underlying the toxicity of essential oil both pro-oxidant effects and biomarkers of oxidative damage were evaluated in exposed flies. Exposure to essential oil caused a significant redox imbalance with impairment of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant system and increased the lipid peroxidation levels. These results suggest that R. officinalis essential oil can be used as a bioinsecticide and/or larvicide as well as an alternative insect repellent.

中文翻译：

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迷迭香（Laminaceae）精油对黑腹果蝇成虫和幼虫的影响。

迷迭香（唇形科），也称为“alecrim”，是一种多年生草本植物，典型的地中海地区，广泛分布于巴西境内。尽管已经证明了人类感兴趣的多种特性，但R. officinalis精油对昆虫的杀虫/杀幼虫作用仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们测试了R. officinalis 精油对果蝇氧化损伤生物标志物的影响。接触R. officinalis 精油会增加成年果蝇的成虫死亡率并降低成虫的趋地性行为。此外，精油会增加黑腹果蝇幼虫死亡率并损害其发育成功。药用植物精油具有显着的驱避效果，持续时间约为6小时。为了了解精油毒性的机制，在暴露的果蝇中评估了促氧化作用和氧化损伤的生物标志物。接触精油会导致显着的氧化还原失衡，损害酶促和非酶促抗氧化系统，并增加脂质过氧化水平。这些结果表明，R. officinalis 精油可用作生物杀虫剂和/或杀幼虫剂以及替代的驱虫剂。