Silica nanoparticles have emerged as promising candidates in the field of nanomedicine due to their remarkable versatility and customizable properties. However, concerns about their potential toxicity in healthy tissues and organs have hindered their widespread clinical translation. To address this challenge, significant attention has been directed toward a specific subset of silica nanoparticles, namely degradable silica nanoparticles, primarily because of their excellent biocompatibility and responsive biodegradability. In this review, we provide a comprehensive understanding of degradable silica nanoparticles, categorizing them into two distinct groups: inorganic species-doped and organic moiety-doped silica nanoparticles based on their framework components. Next, the recent progress of tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive degradable silica nanoparticles for precision theranostic applications is summarized in detail. Finally, current bottlenecks and future opportunities of theranostic nanomedicines based on degradable silica nanoparticles in clinical applications are also outlined and discussed. The aim of this comprehensive review is to shed light on the potential of degradable silica nanoparticles in addressing current challenges in nanomedicine, offering insights into their design, applications in tumor diagnosis and treatment, and paving the way for future advancements in clinical theranostic nanomedicines.

中文翻译：

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肿瘤微环境响应性可降解二氧化硅纳米颗粒：设计原理和精密治疗应用

由于其卓越的多功能性和可定制的特性，二氧化硅纳米粒子已成为纳米医学领域有前途的候选者。然而，对其对健康组织和器官的潜在毒性的担忧阻碍了其广泛的临床转化。为了应对这一挑战，人们对二氧化硅纳米颗粒的特定子集（即可降解二氧化硅纳米颗粒）给予了极大的关注，这主要是因为它们具有出色的生物相容性和响应性生物降解性。在这篇综述中，我们对可降解二氧化硅纳米颗粒进行了全面的了解，根据其框架成分将它们分为两个不同的组：无机物质掺杂和有机部分掺杂的二氧化硅纳米颗粒。接下来，详细总结了用于精密治疗诊断应用的肿瘤微环境（TME）响应性可降解二氧化硅纳米颗粒的最新进展。最后，还概述和讨论了基于可降解二氧化硅纳米颗粒的治疗诊断纳米药物在临床应用中的当前瓶颈和未来机遇。这篇全面综述的目的是揭示可降解二氧化硅纳米颗粒在解决纳米医学当前挑战方面的潜力，提供对其设计、在肿瘤诊断和治疗中的应用的见解，并为临床治疗诊断纳米医学的未来进步铺平道路。