Antimicrobial resistance presents us with a potential global crisis as it undermines the abilities of conventional antibiotics to combat pathogenic microbes. The history of antimicrobial agents is replete with examples of scaffolds containing halogens. In this review, we discuss the impacts of halogen atoms in various antibiotic types and antimicrobial scaffolds and their modes of action, structure-activity relationships, and the contributions of halogen atoms in antimicrobial activity and drug resistance. Other halogenated molecules, including carbohydrates, peptides, lipids, and polymeric complexes, are also reviewed, and the effects of halogenated scaffolds on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and factors affecting antimicrobial and antivirulence activities are presented. Furthermore, the potential of halogenation to circumvent antimicrobial resistance and rejuvenate impotent antibiotics is addressed. This review provides an overview of the significance of halogenation, the abilities of halogens to interact in biomolecular settings and enhance pharmacological properties, and their potential therapeutic usages in preventing a postantibiotic era.

中文翻译：

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卤化抗菌剂对抗耐药病原体


抗生素耐药性给我们带来了潜在的全球危机，因为它破坏了传统抗生素对抗病原微生物的能力。抗菌剂的历史充满了含有卤素的支架的例子。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了卤素原子在各种抗生素类型和抗菌支架中的影响及其作用模式、构效关系，以及卤素原子在抗菌活性和耐药性中的贡献。还回顾了其他卤化分子，包括碳水化合物、肽、脂质和聚合复合物，并介绍了卤化支架对药代动力学、药效学以及影响抗菌和抗毒活性的因素的影响。此外，还讨论了卤化在规避抗菌素耐药性和恢复无效抗生素方面的潜力。这篇综述概述了卤化的重要性、卤素在生物分子环境中相互作用和增强药理学特性的能力，以及它们在预防后抗生素时代的潜在治疗用途。