According to ambivalent sexism theory (Glick & Fiske, 1996), the coexistence of gendered power differences and mutual interdependence creates two apparently opposing but complementary sexist ideologies: hostile sexism (HS; viewing women as manipulative competitors who seek to gain power over men) coincides with benevolent sexism (BS; a chivalrous view of women as pure and moral, yet weak and passive, deserving men's protection and admiration, as long as they conform). The research on these ideologies employs the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, used extensively in psychology and allied disciplines, often to understand the roles sexist attitudes play in reinforcing gender inequality. Following contemporary guidelines, this systematic review utilizes a principled approach to synthesize the multidisciplinary empirical literature on ambivalent sexism. After screening 1,870 potentially relevant articles and fully reviewing 654 eligible articles, five main domains emerge in ambivalent sexism research (social ideologies, violence, workplace, stereotypes, intimate relationships). The accumulating evidence across domains offers bottom-up empirical support for ambivalent sexism as a coordinated system to maintain control over women (and sometimes men). Hostile sexism acts through the direct and diverse paths of envious/resentful prejudices, being more sensitive to power and sexuality cues; Benevolent sexism acts through prejudices related to interdependence (primarily gender-based paternalism and gender-role differentiation), enforcing traditional gender relations and being more sensitive to role-related cues. Discussion points to common methodological limitations, suggests guidelines, and finds future avenues for ambivalent sexism research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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对矛盾的性别歧视文献的系统回顾：敌意的性别歧视保护男性的权力；仁慈的性别歧视捍卫着传统的性别角色。

根据矛盾的性别歧视理论（Glick＆Fiske，1996），性别权力差异和相互依存的共存创造了两种明显对立但互补的性别歧视意识形态：敌对性别歧视（HS；将女性视为试图获得对男性权力的操纵性竞争对手）与仁慈的性别歧视（废话；一种骑士精神，认为女性是纯洁和有道德的，但又是软弱和被动的，只要她们顺从，就值得男性的保护和钦佩）。对这些意识形态的研究采用了广泛用于心理学和相关学科的矛盾性别歧视调查表，通常是为了了解性别歧视态度在加剧性别不平等方面所发挥的作用。遵循当代指南，本系统综述采用原则性方法来综合关于矛盾性别歧视的多学科实证文献。在筛选了 1,870 篇潜在相关文章并全面审查了 654 篇符合条件的文章后，矛盾性别歧视研究出现了五个主要领域（社会意识形态、暴力、工作场所、刻板印象、亲密关系）。跨领域不断积累的证据为矛盾的性别歧视作为维持对女性（有时是男性）控制的协调系统提供了自下而上的经验支持。敌对性别歧视通过嫉妒/怨恨偏见的直接和多样化途径发挥作用，对权力和性暗示更加敏感；仁慈的性别歧视通过与相互依赖相关的偏见（主要是基于性别的家长作风和性别角色分化）发挥作用，强化传统的性别关系并对与角色相关的线索更加敏感。讨论指出了常见的方法论局限性，提出了指导方针，并为矛盾的性别歧视研究找到了未来的途径。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。