This study examined whether children exposed to adversity would exhibit lower epigenetic age acceleration in the context of improved parenting. Children with developmental delays and externalizing behavior problems (N = 62; Mage = 36.26 months; 70.97% boys, 29.03% girls; 71% Latinx, 22.6% Black) were drawn from a larger randomized controlled trial (RCT), which randomized them to receive Internet-delivered parent-child interaction therapy (iPCIT; n = 30) or community referrals as usual (RAU; n = 32). Epigenetic age acceleration was estimated with the pediatric buccal epigenetic clock, using saliva. Adversity was assessed using parent, family, and neighborhood-level cumulative-risk indicators. Adversity interacted with Time 2 (T2) observations of positive and negative-parenting practices to predict epigenetic age acceleration 1.5 years later, regardless of treatment assignment. Children exposed to more adversity displayed lower epigenetic age acceleration when parents evidenced increased positive (b = -0.15, p = .001) and decreased negative (b = -0.12, p = .01) parenting practices.

中文翻译：

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育儿实践可以缓冲逆境对发育迟缓幼儿表观遗传年龄加速的影响。

这项研究探讨了在改善养育方式的情况下，暴露于逆境的儿童是否会表现出较低的表观遗传年龄加速。患有发育迟缓和外化行为问题的儿童（N = 62；Mage = 36.26 个月；70.97% 男孩，29.03% 女孩；71% 拉丁裔，22.6% 黑人）来自一项更大规模的随机对照试验 (RCT)，该试验将他们随机分组照常接受互联网提供的亲子互动治疗（iPCIT；n = 30）或社区转介（RAU；n = 32）。表观遗传年龄加速是通过儿童口腔表观遗传时钟和唾液来估计的。使用父母、家庭和社区层面的累积风险指标来评估逆境。逆境与积极和消极养育行为的时间 2 (T2) 观察相互作用，预测 1.5 年后表观遗传年龄加速，无论治疗分配如何。当父母表现出积极的养育方式（b = -0.15，p = .001）增加和消极的养育方式减少（b = -0.12，p = .01）时，暴露于更多逆境的儿童表现出较低的表观遗传年龄加速。